Intelligence, precision, and minimally invasive are the directions for the future development of spinal surgery, as well as the requirements put forward by social development for spinal surgery. Robot-assisted spinal surgery came into being. At present, the spinal robot surgery system is mainly used to assist in the placement of pedicle screws. This article provides an overview of the history and classification, advantages and limitations, precision and safety of spinal robot assisted nail placement, key technologies for applying spinal robots, X-ray radiation exposure, learning curve and cost-benefit analysis, expanded applications of spinal robots, and future technologies. This review mainly introduces the current status of robot research and proposes the future development of spine robots. Robot assisted autonomous screw placement, laminectomy decompression, tumor biopsy and resection, intelligent planning of screw placement for osteoporosis patients, soft tissue recognition and feedback, and establishment of minimally invasive surgical channels are higher requirements for robot-assisted spinal surgery. The further development of spinal robot can play its advantages of precision, stability and minimally invasive in cervical vertebra, spinal pelvic fixation, spinal tumor, spinal deformity surgery, etc., while improving surgical efficiency and cost benefit.

Spine; Robotic surgical procedures; Internal fixators