Field Epidemiology
Research on the risk factors and cumulative risk of myopia in children and adolescents
Qin Yang, Yuan Wen, Yang Tian, Zhang Xiuhong, Chen Li, Zhang Yi, Jiang Jianuo, Ma Qi, Dong Ziqi, Song Xinli, Liu Jieyu, Wang Ruolin, Song Yi, Ma Jun, Dong Yanhui
Published 2024-08-10
Cite as Chin J Epidemiol, 2024, 45(8): 1126-1133. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240414-00193
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors and cumulative risk of myopia in children and adolescents, providing a basis for identifying cumulative risk factors in preventing and controlling myopia.
MethodsBaseline data from the mental and physical health cohort of children and adolescents established in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were used. A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 138 974 students from fourth to twelfth grade as participants. Distance visual exams, refractive assessments, and questionnaires were conducted on the included students. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate each risk factor's impact on myopia's prevalence. The number of risk factors was summed to form a cumulative risk score, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the cumulative risk score and the prevalence of myopia. Additionally, the association between the cumulative risk score of myopic students and their degree of refractivity was analyzed using a generalized estimating equation.
ResultsThe study found a high prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents at baseline (70.2%). Girls exhibited a higher prevalence (74.8%) than boys (65.6%), urban areas (74.3%) surpassed suburban ones (68.6%), and the incidence was greater in high schools (80.3%) compared to middle schools (75.3%), which, in turn, was higher than in elementary schools (57.7%) (all P<0.05). Analysis of risk factors revealed that children and adolescents experiencing improper reading and writing distances (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.07-1.13), excessive homework (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.06-1.12), insufficient sleep (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.07-1.13), having myopic father (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.91-2.05), having myopic mother (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.97-2.10), or using classroom chairs not matched to their height faced (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07) increased myopia risks. Additionally, the prevalence and significant odds ratio of myopia increased with the increase in cumulative risk score, with every additional unit of cumulative risk score increasing the right eye's refractive error by -0.10 D.
ConclusionThe presence of multiple factors and their comprehensive score increases the prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents.
Key words:
Myopia; Prevalence; Cumulative risk; Risk Factors
Contributor Information
Qin Yang
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Yuan Wen
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Yang Tian
Department of School Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
Zhang Xiuhong
Department of School Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
Chen Li
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Zhang Yi
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Jiang Jianuo
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Ma Qi
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Dong Ziqi
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Song Xinli
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liu Jieyu
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Wang Ruolin
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Song Yi
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Ma Jun
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Dong Yanhui
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
