Microspherophakia is a rare congenital disease characterized by increased anteroposterior diameter and reduced equatorial diameter. The common complications of microspherophakia include crystalline subluxation or dislocation and secondary glaucoma. The complications occur at an early time and lead to a high rate of blindness. Therefore, it's necessary to diagnose and treat the disease at the earliest. The treatment for microspherophakia can be divided into lens surgery and anti-glaucoma treatment. Lens surgery include lens aspiration + intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, lens aspiration + modified capsular tension ring (MCTR) implantation + IOL implantation, etc. Anti-glaucoma operations include YAG laser iridotomy, trabeculectomy and so on. Currently, there is no unified treatment method, and there are many feasible treatment methods according to the severity of complications. The visual acuity recovers obviously after the lens operation, but different anti-glaucoma treatments have different effects on intraocular pressure control. The long-term effectiveness and safety of the treatments remain to be observed. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2021, 45: 295-299)