Original Article
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of renal damage about malignant hypertension
Tao Chenyang, Shang Jin, Dou Yanna, Liu Dong, Xiao Jing, Cheng Genyang, Zhao Zhanzheng
Published 2019-07-25
Cite as Chin J Pract Med, 2019, 46(14): 3-6. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-4756.2019.14.001
Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features of renal damage and the risk factors of impaired renal function in patients with malignant hypertension.
MethodsA total of 103 patients with malignant hypertensive nephropathy admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2016 to 2018 were selected. All patients were diagnosed by clinical and renal biopsy. The clinical data of them were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological types of renal damage included primary malignant hypertension (group A), IgAN with malignant hypertension (group B), and other secondary malignant hypertension. The differences between group A and group B were analyzed. The clinical and pathological features of renal damage in malignant hypertensive patients were analyzed. Logistic regression equation was used to analyze the influencing factors of renal impairment.
ResultsOf the 103 patients, 71 patients were in group A, 21 patients in group B, and 11 patients were secondary to malignant hypertension. The 24-hour urinary protein quantification [M(QR)] in group A was lower than that in group B, 1.91 (1.58) vs. 3.18 (3.65), z=-2.061, P=0.039. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in group A was higher than that in group B, 12.92 (2.00) vs. 11.72 (3.00), z=-2.176, P=0.030. The ischemic contraction in group A accounted for 97.2% (67/71), and that in group B accounted for 61.9% (3/21). The difference between group A and group B was significant (χ2=17.337, P<0.01). The proportion of mesangial cells and stromal hyperplasia and small arterial thrombus in group A were lower than those in group B (χ2=15.139, 5.748, P<0.01,P=0.017). Two-variant Logistic regression analysis showed that anemia β=1.509, OR=4.521, 95% CI 1.333-15.332; uric acid β=0.008, OR=1.008, 95%CI 1.003-1.013; plasma albumin β=-0.155, OR=0.856, 95% CI 0.752-0.975.
ConclusionsPrimary malignant hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by glomerular ischemic contraction, and IgAN with malignant hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by hyperplastic sclerosing glomerulonephritis. Anemia and hyperuricemia are risk factors for impaired renal function.
Key words:
Malignant hypertension; Impaired renal function; Glomerular nephritis
Contributor Information
Tao Chenyang
Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Shang Jin
Dou Yanna
Liu Dong
Xiao Jing
Cheng Genyang
Zhao Zhanzheng