The causes of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) contain embryo factors, uterine factors and immunological factors which can impair embryo development and implantation potentials, endometrial receptivity and the embryo-endometrium synchrony, leading to implantation failure. The management of RIF should be based on thorough review of the underlying causes and the previous treatment. To date, "freeze-all" policy and blastocyst transfer are advocated, preimplantation genetic testing and biomarkers are applied for screening embryos. Personalized embryo transfer can be implemented by combining endometrial receptivity state. Anatomic abnormalities of reproductive system are advised to be treated with surgical and medical therapy, but thin endometrium is still considered as a difficult problem. Besides, endometrial scratch is an important method for RIF treatment, but further evidence is required to support it. Empirical therapies, such as immunotherapy, aspirin and heparin, should be seriously considered and offered on basis of evidence. Furthermore, great attention should be given to lifestyle adjustments and psychological interventions for RIF patients.

Reproductive techniques, assisted; Embryonic development; Genetic testing; Preimplantation diagnosis