In recent years, attention has been paid to the study of pulmonary microbial community.Disorders of the pulmonary microbiome are known to be associated with certain lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis.Furthermore, more and more studies have found that the lung microbiome as a whole or a component has become a new risk factor for the development of lung cancer, and changes in the lung microbiome may contribute to the infiltration metastasis of cancer.The study on the relationship between lung microbiome and lung cancer may discover new causes, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of lung cancer, develop new research paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, and improve the prognosis of lung cancer.This article reviews the latest research on lung microbiome in the development of lung cancer.