The screening, early diagnosis and early treatment project of the upper gastrointestinal cancer had achieved good results since its launch. However, from a national perspective, the endoscopic screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer was still not optimistic, such as the poor rate of the early diagnosis, the low rate of 5-year survival in rural areas, and the disparity of the standardized screening and diagnosis in different areas. Therefore, the situation of upper gastrointestinal cancer prevention and treatment is still severe. Under the guidance of the "Healthy China 2030" plan, based on the international experience and domestic actual circumstance, it is suggested that the screening of high-risk population in high-risk areas should be changed into the opportunistic screening in primary medical institutions. The opportunistic screening could expand the coverage of the screening, early diagnosis and early treatment project of the upper gastrointestinal cancer, and increase the early diagnosis rate in rural areas and primary medical institutions, which could improve the 5-year survival rate of patients with the upper gastrointestinal cancer, and then achieve the sustainable development of the cancer prevention and treatment in China.

Esophageal neoplasms; Stomach neoplasms; Multiphasic screening; Early diagnosis and early treatment; Opportunistic screening