To investigate the diet, dietary structure and physical activity of 408 early pregnant women in Beijing.

From November 2018 to January 2019, this study selected 408 early pregnant women at the women and children hospital in Beijing by convenience sampling. The diet and physical activity were investigated with the Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Denmark Physical Activity Questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used to build the database and principal component analysis was used to statistical analysis.

Among 408 early pregnant women, the gestational week and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was (9.77±1.95) weeks and (22.80±3.91) kg/m². There were 120 (30.9%) of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy overweight/fat, 136 (33.3%) of them with fasting blood glucose>4.6 mmol/L. Food consumption (cereals and tubers, livestock and poultry meat) all day was lower than recommended nutrient intake of the Chinese Balanced Diet Pagoda. Diet structure of pregnant women mainly included 5 kinds which explained 50.889% of the total cumulative variance; the first diet structures were the livestock and poultry meat, cereals, milk and milk products, tubers; and the vegetables, fried, barbecued, cookies and aquatic product were the second which explained 20.121% of the cumulative variance. Among those pregnant women, the time and energy consumption of resting or mild level of physical activity occupied 87.50% (21/24) and 81.50% (27.00/33.13) of time and energy consumption in 24 hours respectively; the time and energy consumption of medium level of physical activity occupied 7.29% (1.75/24) and 18.50% (16.13/33.13) of time and energy consumption in 24 hours respectively; level E (daily cleaning) accounted for 57.14% (1.00/1.75) and 48.93% (3.00/6.13) of the time and energy consumption of medium level of physical activity; there was no one with level H (aerobics) .

Among 408 early pregnant women in Beijing, many pregnant women are with pre-pregnancy overweight/fat; a part of them are with a high level of fasting blood glucose; a part of them select diet outside. In the situation of low level of overall food consumption among early pregnant women, the diet structure mainly includes the livestock and poultry meat, grease, sweetmeats and tubers which leads to much sugar and fat intake. At the same time, early pregnant women have the low level of physical activity. Diet and exercise guide should be carried out to control the weight gain.

Pregnant women; Early pregnancy; Diet; Exercise