Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated.The main clinical manifestations are attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.Studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction is an important pathogenic factor, and executive dysfunction is a core deficiency of ADHD, which has poor performance in terms of attention, inhibition control and planning ability.ADHD patients often suffer from learning difficulties, conduct disorders, and oppositional defiantness.The clinical symptoms and executive dysfunction of some children with ADHD can persist into adulthood, causing serious effects on their academic, quality of life, and social functions.Therefore, the study of ADHD executive function has significant clinical and social significance.This article summarizes the research on the neural basis of executive dysfunction in ADHD children in recent years, improves the understanding of the disease, and provides guidance for clinical objective diagnosis, evaluation and treatment.