To evaluate the colorectal cancer incidence among compliers and non-compliers in the population of colorectal cancer screening area, and to provide scientific basis for health economic evaluation of cancer screening.

By screening different years build queue, to retrospectively compare the data of colorectal cancer screening from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013 and the data of cancer registration, and to analyze the colorectal cancer incidence rates among screening compliers and non-compliers, and to compare the average intervals between the end of screening and clinical cancer diagnosis using SPSS 19 statistical software. Mantel-Haenszel test was performed with a statistical significance level of α=0.05.

The non-compliance rate was 38.24% among males and 28.49% among females (P<0.001). The non-compliance rate was highest in the 40-44 and 70-74 years age groups and lowest in the 50-59 years age group. The compliers of the screening were followed up for 476 049 person-years, and there were 51 cases of colorectal cancer, with an incidence rate of 10.71/100 000. The non-compliers of the screening were followed up for 259 183 person-years, and there were 66 cases of colorectal cancer, with an incidence rate of 25.46/100 000, which was 1.38 times higher than that of the compliance group (χ²=21.699, P<0.001). The incidence rate of colorectal cancer among subjects who were positive in initial screening but refused to receive an electronic colonoscopy was as high as 164.40/100 000, and the average delay time was 20.8±16.8 months.

The colorectal cancer screening adherence among women is better than among men, and that of 50-54 years and 55-59 years age groups is better than in other age groups. The subsequent incidence rate of colorectal cancer in the non-compliance group is significantly higher than that of the compliance population.

Colorectal neoplasms; Mass screening; Compliance; Retrospective studies; Incidence