Refractive cataract surgery has evolved considerably in recent years owing to the rapid development in precise ocular biometry, surgical technique and instrumentation, and various astigmatism-correcting and multifocal intraocular lenses. However, inherent defects of these premium intraocular lenses should not be underestimated and neither should imperfections of measuring devices. Cataract surgery complications such as posterior capsular opacification and dry eye, which were originally infrequent or minor, are becoming increasingly prominent. Surgeons must properly understand and conduct refractive cataract surgery and there is still a long way to go before perfection.

Cataract extraction; Biometry; Lenses, intraocular; Visual acuity; Refraction, ocular