To analyze and summarize the clinical data and diagnostic and treatment characteristics of patients with spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (sOHSS) hospitalized in our hospital and reported in the world from 1989 to 2013.

The literature reports published from 1989 to 2013 were searched as the key words "spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome". Then the literature review was conducted based on the cases published and one case hospitalized in our hospital.

sOHSS occurred most frequently during the early and middle pregnancy, with the incidence reaching the highest from week 6 to 16. The median gestational week was 10 weeks. No drug-induced ovulation history was presented and the clinical manifestations included abdominal pain and distension, nausea and vomiting, pleural effusion and ascites, and anasarca. The biochemical blood testing indicated hemoconcentration, serum ion disorder, and increase in serum hormone level. The ultrasound examination indicted polycystic enlargement and convexity of the bilateral ovaries. The treatment strategies were mainly syndrome alleviation and symptomatic treatment.

The importance of sOHSS should be highlighted, and it should be distinguished from ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Preventive and symptomatic treatment should be applied after the early diagnosis to avoid overtreatment.

spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (sOHSS); diagnosis; treatment