Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care program to decrease the risk of delayed hospitalization, medical complications, readmission and to improve patient short- and long-term outcomes with minimized level of surgical stress responses through multidisciplinary cooperation. Despite its huge success, the program has challenges for further optimization with a primary focus on modification according to the specific pathophysiology and perioperative management characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal tumors to improve the compliance and implementation rate of items. Patient education, prehabilitation, multimodal analgesia, precision surgery, early mobilization, early oral feeding and oral nutrition supplement (ONS) should be regarded as core terms suitable for all the patients. During the application of ERAS pathway management, it is necessary to fully understand the perioperative changes of organ function and pathophysiology, and to strictly implement the ERAS program and items based on evidence-based medicine. Moreover, the close collaboration of multidisciplinary teams is needed to improve the compliance and increase the adherence rate of ERAS protocol for patients, which emphasizes the dynamic, gap-free and whole course management that covers pre-hospital, pre-operative, intra-operative, post-operative and post-hospital periods. Concurrently, we encourage our patients and their families to participate in the whole healthcare activities. Even more concerning, it is indispensable to adjust ERAS program for special time and special patients. At present, several consensus and guidelines on the ERAS management of gastrointestinal tumor surgery have come out for clinical practice in China, which, however, still lacks a high-level evidence from more high-quality clinical trials conducted by Chinese researchers. It is urgent to carry out a series of large-scale randomized controlled studies in accordance with international standards to obtain high-level evidence-based medical evidence for clinical practice, which is problem-oriented and integrated with features of metabolism and perioperative management of gastrointestinal tumor surgery.

Gastrointestinal neoplasms; Perioperative period; Enhanced recovery after surgery; Stress