Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is one of the manifestations of postoperative brain dysfunction, which can have negative impacts on postoperative recoveries, such as the increased risk of delirium, pain sensitivity, and cardiovascular events, and is becoming a concern as a perioperative complication. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been shown to improve sleep quality by inhibiting sympathetic ganglion excitability and modulating autonomic function. This review summarized the previous treatment protocols and the effects of SGB on PSD, and discussed the mechanisms of SGB in improving PSD from the perspective of the causes of sleep disorders, especially in the areas of melatonin secretion, stress response, cerebral vasomotor and inflammatory response, in order to provide a strong basis for the prevention and treatment of PSD.