Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by interstitial lung inflammation and fibrosis. Its causes are diverse, symptoms can be non-specific, and the associated imaging and pathologic patterns can vary widely. The diagnosis and management of these conditions often require input from multiple medical disciplines. Over the past few decades, the importance of multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) in the management of ILD has grown internationally, and MDD has gradually become a part of the gold standard for ILD diagnosis and an essential reference for disease management. Recognizing this, the Chinese Medical Association-Chinese Thoracic Society and the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians have collaborated with experts to standardize the ILD-MDD process in China.

Key recommendations:

1. Formation of teams: ILD centers should establish multidisciplinary teams (MDT) and integrate MDD into the ILD patient care process. (strong recommendation)

2. Patient preparation: Prior to ILD-MDD, patients should undergo as thorough an ILD assessment as possible, including medical history, diagnostic tests, and functional evaluations. (strong recommendation)

3. MDD frequency & logistics:(1) The frequency, duration and number of cases to be discussed in ILD-MDD should be based on the clinical needs of each center, but should be held at least monthly. (2) Consistent timing and location of ILD-MDD is recommended to improve attendance. (medium recommendation)

4. Team composition: The MDT should include experts from a range of disciplines with experience of ILD. These should include specialists in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Radiology, and Pathology. Where appropriate, experts in Rheumatology, Hematology, Thoracic Surgery, and Respiratory Care and Rehabilitation should also be involved. (strong recommendation)

5. Case presentation & goals:(1) The physician in charge should present clinical information, preferably using standardized slides. Real-time imaging and pathology data are encouraged. (2) The primary goals of ILD-MDD discussions should be disease diagnosis and management. (strong recommendation)

6. Operational leadership: Assign a dedicated professional to manage the ILD-MDD operations and maintain the information discussed. (strong recommendation)

7. Specific conditions:(1) Suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis should be diagnosed by a standardized MDD process. (2) Suspected idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) should be classified by MDD. If IIP is indicated by imaging or pathology, prioritize identifying potential underlying causes such as connective tissue diseases (CTDs), certain medications, or aspiration.(3) Suspected hypersensitivity pneumonitis should also be diagnosed by MDD. (4) If an ILD patient shows signs suggestive of CTDs, the diagnosis should be made by ILD-MDD with the involvement of rheumatologists. (strong recommendation)

8. Unclassifiable ILD: For ILD patients who cannot be clearly classified, create a tailored management plan based on the patient′s specific disease features. (strong recommendation)

9. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis: Use ILD-MDD to determine whether an ILD patient meets the criteria for progressive pulmonary fibrosis and to discuss a personalized care plan. (strong recommendation)