Aucklandia lappa Decne was first recorded in the Sheng nong ben cao jing (Shennong's Classic ofMateria Medica).Through the textual research of herbal literature,it was found that the costus root in the Sheng nong ben cao jing perhaps was not the plant of Aucklandia lappa Decne of Compositae,but the eaglewood or Lignum Aquilasria Resinatum based on the comprehensive judgment of shape,taste,nature,and function etc.In the Sheng nong ben cao jing,it only includes costus root without the title of eaglewood,and Tao Hongjing recorded both herbs together in his Ming yi bie lu (Supplementary Records of Celebrated Physicians),which became a foreshadow of misunderstanding of the later generations.Beginning from the Tang ben cao (Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty),the costus root was considered as the plant of Auckiandia lappa Decne from the Compostae with its profound influence until now.