Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of under correction and full correction of myopia in slowing the progression of myopia in schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years. Methods Meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE (1966-2010.10), EMBASE (1950-2010.10), the Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, CBM (1980-2010.10) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and related conference proceedings. The articles retrieved were independently screened by two reviewers. The quality of the selected trials was assessed using a Jadad scale. Review Manager 5.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis of the extracted data. And the fail-safe N was calculated to assess the potential for publication bias. Results Five trials were included with a total of 428 subjects, of whom 215 subjects had a full correction of their myopia. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the weighted mean difference in the change of myopia progression between the under correction group and the full correction group was-0.26 D (95%CI:-0.60-0.09, P=0.14). After excluding the three trials with a Jadad score of less than 3, a fixed-effects sensibility analysis was conducted and the results showed that the weighted mean difference in the change of myopia progression between the two groups was-0.21 D (95%CI:-0.32--0.10, P=0.0002). The number of fail-safe N was 8. Conclusion Full correction of myopia may slightly slow the progression of myopia in school-aged children compared to under correction of myopia, which needs to be further verified by high-quality randomized controlled trials.