Uveitis is an important autoimmune disease.Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated anterior uveitis is the most common form of anterior uveitis.HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis has distinct ocular,systemic,and genetic features.It attacks young subjects and leads to the damage of visual function due to the recurrence and complications.However,the pathologic mechanism of HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis is still not thoroughly understood,and effective therapy is still unavailable.There are currently many experimental researches which attamp to study the etiology and develop an effective therapy for HLA-B27 acute anterior uveitis.Thus,various animal models of acute anterior uveitis such as endotoxin-induced uveitis and HLA-B27 transgenic animals including rat and mouse are established.Different therapy regimens have been designed both in clinical trial and experimental study and aquired promising achievements.Epidemiology,pathologic mechanism,different animal models and potential new therapies such as anti-TNFα,oral associated peptides tolerance and gene therapy are overviewed.