Objective To analyze the etiology of surgically induced corneal endothelial dystrophy. Methods All patients came to our hospital for corneal transplantation surgery from January 2007 to April 2011 were enrolled.The original diseases,combined ocular disease,surgery types,IOL types and times of surgery were recorded.Detailed examinations were preceded on all patients including slit lamp,ophthalmoscope and confocal microscope. Results There were 98 patients in this study,including 53 males and 45 females.Age ranged from 19 to 85 years old with an average age 65 years old.Sixty-seven cases were post cataract surgery (including 54 cases after cataract and IOL implantation,3 cases after combined cataract and anti-glaucoma surgery,10 cases with Fuch endothelial dystrophy before surgery).Fourteen cases were induced by anterior chamber related IOL (including 13 cases with AC-IOL,1 case with dislocated iris-fixed IOL).Fourteen cases were post vitreoretinal surgery (including 4 cases received once and 10 cases received multiple surgery).The rest 3 cases were post antiglaucoma surgery. Conclusions Our study suggests the proportion of surgically induced corneal endothelial dystrophy is as follows:cataract surgery 69％; anterior chamber related IOL 14％,vitreoretinal surgery 14％ and anti-glaucoma surgery 3％.