Original Article
Comparative study of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in children with acute respiratory failure
He Jie, Zhang Xinping, Zhou Xiong, Cai Zili, Kang Xiayan, Duan Wei, Zhao Wenjiao, Xiao Zhenghui
Published 2021-08-26
Cite as Int J Pediatr, 2021, 48(8): 568-573. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2021.08.015
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)for acute respiratory failure in children.
MethodsClinical data of children with acute respiratory failure who underwent NCPAP from January 2018 to March 2020 in PICU of Hunan Children′s Hospital were prospectively collected.They were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group(group D)and midazolam group(group M), with a total of 100 children.We compared the sedation depth of the two groups at 7 time points after sedation at 0.5 h(t1), 1 h(t2), 2 h(t3), 6 h(t4), 12 h(t5), 24 h(t6), and 48 h(t7), time to reach proper sedation, NCPAP time, NCPAP failure rate, oxygenation index(P/F value)before sedation(T0)and 1h(T1), 24h(T2), and 48h(T3)after sedation, and the main vital signs and adverse reactions before sedation(T0)and 1h(T1), 24h(T2), 48h(T3)after sedation.
Results(1)The proportion of proper sedation at T4, T5, T6 and T7 after sedation in group D was higher than that in group M[98%(49/50)vs.84%(42/50), 94%(47/50)vs.90%(45/50), 96%(48/50)vs.88%(44/50), 90%(45/50)vs.88%(44/50), χ2=6.538, 8.043, 8.174, 7.678, all P<0.05]. Time to reach proper sedation in group D was shorter[(58.6±7.9)s vs.(66.7±9.3)s,t=4.682, P<0.01]. (2)The treatment time and failure rate of NCPAP in group D were lower than those in group M[(134.9±25.5)h vs.(147.8±24.3)h, 10%(5/50)vs.28%(14/50), allP<0.05]. P/F after NCPAP treatment in the two groups was improved as compared with that before treatment(allP<0.01), and the improvement was more significant in group D than in group M at T2 and T3 after sedation[(199.3±26.1)vs.(188.5±24.2)mmHg, (212.2±25.4)mmHg vs.(200.8±24.8)mmHg,t=2.132, 2.278, all P<0.05]. (3)There were no significant differences in heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), and respiratory rate(RR)before sedation between the two groups(allP>0.05). HR and RR after sedation in both groups decreased as compared with those before sedation(P<0.01). HR at T1, T2, and T3 after sedation in group D decreased more significantly than that in group M[(116.3±17.6)bpm vs.(124.8±14.1)bpm, (110.2±18.4)bpm vs.(121.9±15.2)bpm, (108.5±18.7)bpm vs.(117.6±12.8)bpm,t=0.479, -3.474, -2.840, all P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in RR after sedation between the two groups(t=1.872, 1.632, 1.675, all P>0.05). MAP at T1 in group D decreased as compared with T0(P<0.01). MAP at T1 in group D was lower than that in group M[(65.5±5.1)mmHg vs.(68.0±5.7)mmHg,t=-2.297, P=0.024]. (4)There was no significant difference in the incidence of total adverse reactions between the two groups[20%(10/50)vs.14%(7/50), P=0.595]. The incidence of bradycardia was higher in group D than in group M[16%(8/50)vs.2%(1/50), P=0.031].
ConclusionThe incidence of adverse reactions of dexmedetomidine and midazolam in the sedation of NCPAP in children with acute respiratory failure is similar, but the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine is better than that of midazolam in the improvement of pulmonary oxygenation.
Key words:
Dexmedetomidine; Acute respiratory failure; Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure; Midazolam; Sedation
Contributor Information
He Jie
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Zhang Xinping
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Zhou Xiong
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Cai Zili
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Kang Xiayan
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Duan Wei
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Zhao Wenjiao
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
Xiao Zhenghui
Emergency Center, Hunan Children′s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China