Mitochondrial DNA (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) is a special genetic material that has the characteristics of maternal inheritance, high mutation rate, high copy number and no recombinati-on. It has been applied extensively in fields involving evolutionary genetics, forensic science and molecular diagnosis. The study of mtDNA genetic markers can reflect matrilineal characteristics of a population, help to infer the matrilineal origin of the population, analyze the migration trajectory and the phylogenetic rela-tionship between different populations. This article takes the Daur as an entry point to summarize the mtDNA diversity of the Daur population, track the research progress in mtDNA genetic diversity in other populatio-ns, and provide important information for enriching the genetic information resources of the Chinese popul-ation.