Objective To detect the level of serum high-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol and triglycerides in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Guizhou and to look for health improvement index after implementation of comprehensive control measures.Methods People in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Bijie city of Guizhou were selected and divided into four groups according to the duration of comprehensive treatments and the severity of fluorosis:moderate illness district + short treatment group(98 cases),moderate illness district + long treatment group(70 cases),serious illness district + short treatment group(61 cases),serious illness district + long treatment group (164 cases) ; in addition,the people in Guiyang were selected as non-fluorosis controls in 2011.Fasting blood samples were collected for detection of serum high-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol and triglycerides using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results As compared to controls [(3.97 ± 1.80),(1.25 ± 0.97),(1.15 ± 0.67) mmol/L],the levels of total cholesterol[(5.75 ± 3.16),(5.56 ± 2.86),(7.25 ± 3.84),(6.51 ± 3.48)mmol/L] and triglycerides[(2.56 ± 1.45),(2.98 ± 1.50),(3.20 ±1.65),(294 ± 1.49)mmol/L] were significantly increased(all P ＜ 0.05),whereas the amount of high-density lipoprotein [(0.72 ± 0.40),(0.96 ± 0.60),(0.46 ± 0.27),(0.81 ± 0.43)mmol/L] were significantly declined(all P ＜ 0.05)in all fluorosis groups.In these two fluorosis groups with long period of comprehensive treatment,only the declined high-density lipoprotein was not so lower than those in the fluorosis groups with short period of treatment(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Certain period of comprehensive prevention treatment can obviously increase the declined contents of high-density lipoprotein in serum of population living in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas,and the mechanism might be weakened damage of fluorosis to cardiovascular system.The contents of total cholesterol and triglycerides are not significantly changed.The content of high-density lipoprotein may be considered as an indicator for assessment of comprehensive treatment in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas.