With the aging process of the population, bone health is becoming more and more socially concerned. Osteoporosis is a major disease that affects bone health and has a high rate of death and disability. It has a serious impact on the quality of life and survival of the patients and brings a huge burden to the society and families. Calcium and vitamin D are the main nutrients of the bone and important cornerstone for maintaining bone health. In recent years, some studies have made different views on whether supplementation of calcium and vitamin D is beneficial to bone health. In regard to this, we discuss in the present paper the relationship between calcium, vitamin D, bone health and osteoporosis, and put forward suggestions in combination with the recommendations of the guidelines of the international authoritative academic institutions and the specific situation in China, for the reference of clinicians. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 202-206)

Calcium; Vitamin D; Skeleton