Original Article
Resistance profiles of clinical isolates to chlorhexidine gluconate and clinical characteristics of the infected patients
Shi Shiyi, Zheng Xiangkuo, Zhang Xiaoya, Zeng Weiliang, Yu Kaihang, Ye Jianzhong, Zhou Tieli
Published 2021-09-15
Cite as Chin J Infect Dis, 2021, 39(9): 519-523. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311365-20210121-00025
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the resistance of common clinical isolates to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and the clinical characteristics of patients with the infections.
MethodsA total of 1 000 isolates from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in 2018 (from January to May) were collected, which included 200 strains each of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Enterococcus spp.. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHG against 1 000 isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. The correlation between the resistance of isolates and clinical characteristics of infected patients was analyzed. Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analysis.
ResultsA total of 57 CHG resistant strains were detected in 1 000 clinical isolates. These CHG-resistant strains were mainly isolated from sputum and intensive care unit ward, accounting for 49.1%(28/57)and 38.6%(22/57), respectively. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii, Enterococcus spp., S. aureus, and E. coli to CHG were 16.0%(32/200), 7.0%(14/200), 3.0%(6/200), 1.5%(3/200) and 1.0%(2/200), respectively. The CHG-resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin were 53.1%(17/32), 78.1%(25/32), 65.6%(21/32) and 50.0%(16/32), respectively, which were all higher than those of CHG-sensitive P. aeruginosa (25.0%(8/32), 25.0%(8/32), 21.9%(7/32) and 15.6%(5/32), respectively), with statistical significance (χ2=5.317, 18.080, 12.444 and 8.576, respectively, all P<0.05). The hospital mortality was 22.8%(13/57) in patients infected with CHG-resistant bacteria, which was higher than that in patients infected with CHG-sensitive bacteria ((7.0%(4/57); Fisher exact probability test,P=0.018)). CHG-resistant group had a higher history of CHG exposure and antimicrobial treatment (61.4%(35/57) and 70.2%(40/57), respectively), which were both higher than those with CHG-susceptible isolates (17.5%(10/57) and 47.4%(27/57), respectively), the differences were both statistically significant (χ2=22.947 and 6.118, respectively, both P<0.05). In addition, the multi-drug resistance rate of CHG-resistant strains was 54.4%(31/57), which was higher than that of CHG-susceptible strains (35.1%(20/57)), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.293, P=0.039).
ConclusionsCHG resistant strains have higher antimicrobial resistance. Hospital mortality in patients infected with CHG-resistant bacteria is higher than patients infected with CHG-sensitive bacteria. The important risk factors are CHG exposure and antimicrobial therapy.
Key words:
Chlorhexidine gluconate; Clinical isolates; Drug resistant; Clinical characteristics
Contributor Information
Shi Shiyi
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Zheng Xiangkuo
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Zhang Xiaoya
Urology Andrology Laboratory, Linyi People′s Hospital, Linyi City 276003, Shandong Province, China
Zeng Weiliang
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Yu Kaihang
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Ye Jianzhong
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Zhou Tieli
Laboratory Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City 325000, Zhejiang Province, China