Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an important imaging examination which is convenient, radiation-free, and highly accurate and repeatable. It can be applied for perioperative anesthesia management and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). This article reviews the application of LUS for perioperative anesthesia management in recent years. The content includes assessment of common lung diseases such as atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary edema; the use of fluid administration limited by lung sonography (FALLS) protocol and reverse-FALLS protocol to guide fluid replacement and diuresis; the use of LUS for recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration; and analysis of LUS images by artificial intelligence (AI). Further research and exploration are needed to explore the clinical application of LUS to achieve its great medical potential.

Lung; Ultrasonography; Perioperative period; Atelectasis; Pleural effusion; Pneumothorax; Pulmonary edema; Mechanical ventilation