As an important neuronal transmitter, amino acid has the effect of regulating the normal physiological activities of brain. Glumate (Glu) released from neurons during brain ischemia is a main cause of inducing neuron death. Studies have shown that in addition to the injury effect of Glu, glycine (Gly) also has the synergistic action, and its release may increase brain injury. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can inhibit the release of excitatory Glu or resist Glu toxicity. Because they lay special emphasis on the effects of neurons respectively, synthetically analyze the change of amino acids concentration and interrelationship will further understand the essence of neuron death following brain ischemia, and find a new way in the brain protective treatment.