Transient ischemic attack is a special type of cerebrovascular diseases. The appropriate therapy is based on the right diagnosis. TIA is a syndrome rather than a disease entity. The individual therapy strategy is needed for the complex mechanisms of TIA. The clinical characteristics are important determinative factors of prognosis. Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome is a new and suitably diagnostic nomenclature if we differentiate between TIA and acute cerebral infarction during the clinical practice of acute care.