Orthopeadic Surgery
Pathological characteristics and mechanism of subchondral bone remodeling in canine osteoarthritis
Ren Jiangdong, Shalitanati Wuermanbieke, Nuerailijiang Yushan, Wuhuzi Wulamu, Cao Li
Published 2021-07-08
Cite as Chin J Exp Surg, 2021, 38(7): 1217-1220. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn421213-20190520-00383
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the pathological features and pathogenesis of articular subchondral bone remodeling through constructing an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) osteoarthritis (OA) model in Beagle dogs.
MethodsThe total of 18 male beagles weighing 10-15 kg were selected, and divided into two groups according to a random number table: a control group and an OA model group. The OA model of joint instability was constructed by ACLT of the knee in dogs. All dogs were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively and materials were obtained. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated by Safranin O-Fast Green staining and OARSI-Modified Manking score. The bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone separation (SP.Tb), and trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) of subchondral bone were analyzed by Micro-CT. The pSmad2/3, osterix and CD31 expression levels in subchondral bone were detected by immunostaining. Independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis of data.
ResultsIn the OA model group, multiple articular cartilage degenerations were visible. Safranin O-Fast Green staining showed articular cartilage cracking, but the deep structure was not violated. The OARSI-Modified Manking score was significantly increased (4.7±2.3, t=-3.213, P<0.01). Micro-CT results showed that as compared with the control group, the subchondral bone BV/TV in the OA model group was significantly increased (0.4±0.3), while the SP.Tb and Tb.Pf were significantly reduced (0.3±0.1, -2.0±3.5), and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=-6.124, 2.519, 3.393, P<0.05). ELISA results showed that as compared with the control group, concentrations of TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood in the OA model group were significantly increased (81.7±5.1,t=-16.580, P<0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that as compared with the control group, the number of pSmad2/3+ MSC, osterix + osteoblast precursor cells and CD31+ vascular endothelial cells (109.9±3.9, 70.5±1.8, 26.8±1.8) were significantly increased in the OA model group (t=-29.814, -42.475, -8.937, P<0.01).
ConclusionAbnormal bone remodeling occurs in the knee subchondral bone of Beagle dogs with OA, in which active bone resorption and the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway are key targets in the occurrence and development of the disease.
Key words:
Osteoarthritis; Computed tomography; Transforming growth factor-β
Contributor Information
Ren Jiangdong
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
Shalitanati Wuermanbieke
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
Nuerailijiang Yushan
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
Wuhuzi Wulamu
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
Cao Li
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
