Respiratory system is one of the most important life support systems of human body. The diseases produced by respiratory system are various and seriously affect the health of patients. Especially for the patients with severe respiratory diseases. At present, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technology is widely used in the monitoring and diagnosis of respiratory diseases. For the critically ill patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), due to the rapid change of the condition, effective monitoring means are needed to monitor the disease in real time; therefore, this paper aims to review the evaluation and treatment of the ventilation function of the patients with severe respiratory system diseases by EIT technology in recent years.