To explore the perinatal risk factors small for gestational age (SGA) infants whose birth weight ＜2 500 g versus whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g by analyzing and evaluating the clinic documents about SGA infants whose birth weight ＜2 500 g and whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g.

The data of the SGA infants treated at our department were collected. According to their birth weights, the infants were divided into an observation group (n=169), whose birth weight ＜2 500 g, and a control group (n=48), whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g. The relevant perinatal information of the pregnant women and the infants were collected. The women's high risk factors during pregnancy were analyzed. The incidence of common diseases and the infection indicators were compared between the two groups.

The incidence of diabetes, hypertension, multiple gestation, and GBS infection were 33.14% (56/169), 13.02% (22/169), 10.65% (18/169), and 6.51% (11/169) in the women of the observation group, with no statistical differences from those in the control group (all P＞0.05). Six women had chronic fetal distress, 6 placental abnormality, 11 premature rupture of membranes, and 69 caesarean birth in the observation group, and 7, 6, 8, and 11 in the control group, with statistical differences (all P＜0.05). The birth weight, Apgar score, body length, head circumference, and hospital stay were (2.25±0.16) kg, (9.34±0.64), (46.78±1.79) cm, (32.03±1.21) cm, and (5.03±2.50) d in the infants of the observation group, and were (2.61±0.12) kg, (9.05±0.88), (48.35±0.79) cm, (32.72±0.67) cm, and (3.76±1.35) d in those of the control groups, with statistical differences (all P＜0.05).

Compared with the SGA infants whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g, the SGA infants whose birth weight ＜ 2 500 g have a higher disease incidence and a poor performance. Therefore, fortifying antenatal health education for pregnant women and lying-in women and ensuring a regular production inspection to discover high-risk pregnant factors are conducive to reducing the birth rate of SGA fetuses and improving neonate quality.

SGA infants whose birth weight ＜2 500 g; SGA infants whose birth weight ＞2 500 g; High-risk perinatal factors; Complications