To explore the molecular basis for an individual with Bw subtype.

Routine serological reactions were used to determine the surface antigens of erythrocytes and antibodies in serum. PCR-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) was used to analyze the coding regions of the ABO gene and erythroid-specific regulatory element in its intron 1. Amplicon for exons 5 to 7 containing the variant site was cloned by TA cloning for the isolation of the haploid and verification of the sequence. The 3D structure of mutant protein was predicted with Pymol software. Changes of amino acid residues and structural stability were also analyzed.

Serological assay showed that the individual had weakened B antigen and anti-B antibody in his serum. His genotype was determined as ABO*B.01/ABO*O.01.01. Sequencing of the entire coding region of the ABO gene identified an additional heterozygous c. 734C/T variant. No variant was found in the erythroid-specific regulatory element of intron 1. Haploid cloning and isolation has obtained an ABO*O.01.01 allele and a ABO*B.01 allele containing a c. 734T variant, which has led to substitution of Thr by Ile at position 245 in the functional center of glycosyltransferase. Based on the 3D structure of the protein, the residues binding with the mutation were unchanged, but the bonding distance between the hydrogens was changed with the amino acid substitution, meanwhile, the connections with water molecules were increased.

The c. 734C>T variant of theGTB gene can result in an amino acid substitution in the functional center of the enzyme, which in turn may affect the stability of glycosyltransferase B protein and reduce its enzymatic activity.

Bw variant; Glycosyltransferase; Genetic variant; Protein structure