目的探讨梅州地区不同年龄段初发系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床特点。
方法回顾性分析453例于2008年1月至2014年12月在梅州市人民医院风湿科诊治的初发SLE患者的临床资料,根据发病年龄分为未成年组(<18岁)、成年组(18~49岁)和老年组(≥50岁),比较3组患者的临床表现、实验室结果和疾病活动。
结果453例SLE患者中未成年患者73例(16.1%)、成年患者317例(70.0%),老年患者63例(13.9%)。发热、皮疹、关节炎、肾脏损害和贫血为SLE患者最常见的临床表现,未成年SLE患者发热的发生率明显高于成年和老年SLE患者( χ 2=6.197, P=0.013; χ 2=6.291, P=0.012);与老年SLE患者相比较,未成年和成年SLE患者皮疹、脱发、肝脾淋巴结肿大和肾脏损害的发生率更高( χ 2=10.525, P=0.005; χ 2=9.951, P=0.007; χ 2=11.883 , P=0.003和 χ 2=12.195 , P=0.002);未成年SLE患者浆膜炎的发生率低于成年和老年SLE患者( χ 2=23.527, P<0.001)。贫血是SLE患者最常见的血液学异常表现,成年SLE患者血白细胞减少症的发生率高于未成年SLE患者( χ 2=10.048, P=0.002)。免疫学指标结果显示,老年SLE患者血清抗dsDNA抗体的阳性率低于未成年和成年SLE患者( χ 2=9.612, P=0.008);其血清抗SSA抗体的阳性率高于未成年SLE患者( χ 2=7.699, P=0.006)。SLE患者疾病活动以中度最为常见,未成年SLE患者总体SLEDAI评分高于成年和老年SLE患者( χ 2=8.217, P<0.001),且其重度疾病活动的比例高于成年和老年SLE患者( χ 2=13.320, P=0.001)。
结论发病年龄影响SLE的临床表现、血清学特点和疾病活动,未成年SLE患者发病初即可出现多系统损害,疾病活动更严重,需更积极治疗。
ObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who came from Meizhou city based on the time of disease onset.
MethodsClinical data at the time of onset of 453 patients diagnosed at the Department of Rheumatology in Meizhou People's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to age at SLE diagnosis: juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE, diagnosed at<18 years), adult-onset SLE (ASLE, diagnosed at 18-49 years), and late-onset SLE (LSLE, diagnosed at ≥50 years), and compared clinical, laboratory findings and disease activity.
ResultsOf the 453 patients, 73 (16.1%), 317 (70.0%), and 63 (13.9%) were JSLE, ASLE and LSLE patients, respectively. Fever, rash, arthritis, renal involvement and anemia were the most common manifestations in three groups. Fever was more frequent in JSLE patients than ASLE or LSLE patients ( χ 2=6.197, P=0.013; χ 2=6.291, P=0.012, respectively). Compared to LSLE patients, the incidence of rash, hair loss, splenomegaly, lymphadenectasis and renal involvement were higher in JSLE and LSLE patients ( χ 2=10.525, P=0.005; χ 2=9.951, P=0.007; χ 2=11.883, P=0.003; χ 2=12.195, P=0.002, respectively). Serositis was less frequent in JSLE patients than ASLE or LSLE patients ( χ 2=23.527, P<0.001). Anemia was the most common hematological abnormalities in SLE patients. The incidence of leucocytopenia was higher in ASLE patients than in JSLE patients( χ 2=10.048, P=0.002). Immunological findings showed that compared to JSLE and ASLE patients, LSLE patients had a lower prevalence of anti-dsDNA antibody ( χ 2=9.612, P=0.008), but LSLE patients had a higher prevalence of anti-SSA antibody than JSLE patients ( χ 2 =7.699, P=0.006). The most common of disease activity in three groups was moderate. The mean SLE Disease Activity Index score was higher in JSLE patients than ASLE or LSLE patients ( χ 2=8.217, P<0.001), and the proportion of severe disease activity was higher in JSLE patients ( χ 2=13.320, P=0.001).
ConclusionsThe age of onset of SLE influences the clinical manifestations, serological characteristics and disease activity. JSLE patients are liable to have more systemic involvement and severe disease activity, and need to be more aggressive treatment.
李文根,何雪春,何春媚,等. 不同年龄段初发系统性红斑狼疮的临床特点分析[J/OL]中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2016,10(23):3549-3553.
DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2016.23.013版权归中华医学会所有。
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组别 | 例数 | 发热 | 皮疹 | 光过敏 | 脱发 | 口腔溃疡 | 关节炎 | 雷诺现象 | 肝脾淋巴结肿大 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JSLE组 | 73 | 35(47.9) | 47(64.4) | 19(26.0) | 21(28.8) | 10(13.7) | 40(54.8) | 11(15.1) | 25(34.2) |
ASLE组 | 317 | 103(32.5) | 164(51.7) | 82(25.9) | 89(28.1) | 63(19.9) | 206(65.0) | 47(14.8) | 88(27.8) |
LSLE组 | 63 | 17(27.0) | 23(36.5) | 8(12.7) | 6(9.5) | 9(14.3) | 41(65.1) | 6(9.5) | 6(9.5) |
χ 2值 | 7.995 | 10.525 | 5.172 | 9.951 | 2.245 | 2.747 | 1.282 | 11.883 | |
P值 | 0.018 | 0.005 | 0.075 | 0.007 | 0.325 | 0.253 | 0.527 | 0.003 |
组别 | 例数 | 浆膜炎 | 心包炎 | 胸膜炎 | 心脏损害 | 肺损害 | 肾损害 | 消化系统损害 | 神经系统损害 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JSLE组 | 73 | 14(19.2) | 6(8.2) | 8(11.0) | 13(17.8) | 5(6.8) | 48(65.8) | 15(20.5) | 5(6.8) |
ASLE组 | 317 | 158(49.8) | 61(19.2) | 97(30.6) | 66(20.8) | 27(8.5) | 223(70.3) | 55(17.4) | 11(3.5) |
LSLE组 | 63 | 24(38.1) | 10(15.9) | 14(22.2) | 10(15.9) | 9(14.3) | 30(47.6) | 6(9.5) | 6(9.5) |
χ 2值 | 23.527 | 5.176 | 12.436 | 1.001 | 2.637 | 12.195 | 3.192 | 4.916 | |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.075 | 0.002 | 0.606 | 0.268 | 0.002 | 0.203 | 0.086 |
组别 | 例数 | 实验室指标 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
贫血 | 白细胞减少 | 血小板减少 | 红细胞沉降率升高 | 补体C3下降 | 补体C4下降 | ||
JSLE组 | 73 | 54(74.0) | 15(20.5) | 20(27.4) | 54(74.0) | 61(83.6) | 45(61.6) |
ASLE组 | 317 | 255(80.4) | 128(40.4) | 72(22.7) | 246(77.6) | 276(87.1) | 171(53.9) |
LSLE组 | 63 | 45(71.4) | 18(28.6) | 15(23.8) | 42(66.7) | 56(88.9) | 33(52.4) |
χ 2值 | 3.387 | 11.737 | 0.723 | 3.507 | 0.924 | 1.619 | |
P值 | 0.184 | 0.003 | 0.697 | 0.173 | 0.630 | 0.445 |
组别 | 例数 | 自身抗体阳性率 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANA | dsDNA | Sm | nRNP | SSA | SSB | ANCA | 抗心磷脂抗体 | ||
JSLE组 | 73 | 73(100) | 62(84.9) | 26(35.6) | 31(42.5) | 35(47.9) | 10(13.7) | 6(8.2) | 8(11.0) |
ASLE组 | 317 | 315(99.4) | 262(82.6) | 116(36.6) | 125(39.4) | 191(60.3) | 53(16.7) | 21(6.6) | 47(14.8) |
LSLE组 | 63 | 62(98.4) | 42(66.7) | 14(22.2) | 18(28.6) | 45(71.4) | 16(25.4) | 5(8.0) | 7(11.1) |
χ 2值 | 1.311 | 9.612 | 4.861 | 3.225 | 8.308 | 3.594 | 0.315 | 1.162 | |
P值 | 0.519 | 0.008 | 0.088 | 0.199 | 0.016 | 0.166 | 0.854 | 0.559 |
组别 | 例数 | SLEDAI积分(分,
|
病情判断[例,(%)] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度 | 中度 | 重度 | |||
JSLE组 | 73 | 11.16±3.66 | 12(16.4) | 33(45.2) | 28(38.3) |
ASLE组 | 317 | 9.75±3.82 | 83(26.2) | 174(54.9) | 60(18.9) |
LSLE组 | 63 | 8.59±3.32 | 18(28.6) | 33(52.4) | 12(19.0) |
F/ χ 2值 | 8.217 | 3.524 | 2.244 | 13.320 | |
P值 | <0.001 | 0.172 | 0.326 | 0.001 |

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