【推荐意见】(1)左侧人工瓣膜血栓≤0.8 cm
2且NYHAⅠ~Ⅱ级,建议溶栓治疗【2C】。(2)左侧人工瓣膜血栓,NYHA Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,建议急诊手术治疗【2C】。(3)左侧人工瓣膜血栓>0.8 cm
2,建议急诊手术治疗【2C】。(4)左侧人工瓣膜血栓>0.8 cm
2但有手术禁忌,建议采用溶栓治疗【2C】。
【推荐意见说明】(1)处理左侧人工瓣膜血栓必须权衡再次手术的风险和溶栓带来的栓塞及出血风险。大血栓和卒中病史是溶栓相关并发症的预测因子,血栓大小的诊断界值为0.8 cm
2。这一界值既适用于二尖瓣也适用于主动脉瓣,既适用于双叶瓣也适用于侧倾碟瓣。(2)溶栓和手术治疗左侧瓣膜血栓在病死率上无明显差异,溶栓治疗组栓塞事件发生率增加约20倍,而在瓣膜血栓远期复发方面手术治疗明显优于溶栓治疗。对于左侧人工瓣膜血栓,目前的治疗多倾向于外科手术。
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