继续医学教育
2019年版慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议解读(药物治疗篇)
郑劲平
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2019.02.019
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摘要

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)全球倡议2019年更新版增加了预防和维持治疗慢阻肺的新证据,充分肯定了双联长效支气管舒张剂及其与吸入糖皮质激素的三联复方制剂在慢阻肺治疗中的重要地位,并首次将慢阻肺的药物治疗推荐方案细化为起始治疗和随访管理两个路径,通过"回顾-评估-调整"循环强化管理,并依据治疗后的症状和急性加重的不同反应,结合嗜酸粒细胞计数、肺炎发生等指标推荐药物,强调了个体化原则,可操作性也更强。

引用本文

郑劲平. 2019年版慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议解读(药物治疗篇)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2019,42(2):157-160.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2019.02.019

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慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,GOLD)作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)防治的战略性指导文件,自2001年第一次发布至今已进行了4次修订,数次更新。GOLD 2019在GOLD 2017修订版的基础上进行了更新,新增2017年1月至2018年7月发表的66篇文献,纳入了最新的循证医学证据,对图表和排版格式进行了美化,可读性更强 [ 1 ]。最重要的更新在于将慢阻肺的药物治疗推荐方案细化为更加精准和个体化的起始治疗和随访管理路径,用药建议更明确,可操作性更强。另外,将血液嗜酸粒细胞(blood eosinophil count,EOS)计数作为生物标志物正式写入指南,用于评估在支气管舒张剂基础上增加吸入性糖皮质激素(inhaled glucocorticosteroid,ICS)对于预防慢阻肺急性加重的效果。现将有关药物治疗方面的更新要点进行简介和解读。
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附录
问答题

1.初始治疗时慢阻肺A组患者首选的治疗方案是:

A.ALABA;B.BLABA+ICS;C. CLABA+LAMA;D. DICS;E.罗氟司特

2.初始治疗时慢阻肺D组患者治疗不宜作为首选的治疗方案是:

A.LAMA;B.LABA;C. LABA+ICS;D. LABA+LAMA;E. LABA+LAMA+ICS

3.如用LABA+ICS初始治疗后,呼吸困难改善不明显,可考虑改进的措施哪项不恰当?

A.LABA+LAMA+ICS;B.LABA+LAMA;C. LAMA+ICS;D.改用其他吸入装置;E.诊治其他原因导致的呼吸困难

4.在"回顾-评价-调整"循环中,哪个指标不是制定恰当的治疗方案首要评估指标?

A.急性加重次数;B.慢阻肺测试评分(CAT);C.呼吸困难评分(MRC);D.抑郁量表评分;E. FEV 1

5.对于经治疗后仍有频繁急性加重发作的患者,可予调整的方案不包括:

A.分析EOS以决定可否加用ICS;B.ICS+LABA改为ICS+LABA+LAMA;C.LABA+LAMA改为LABA+ICS;D.考虑加用罗氟司特;E.考虑加用阿奇霉素

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