综述
子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究现状
王仁杰
李悦含
耿玉笛
高纯
陈刚
汪辉
靳镭
马丁
廖书杰
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2019.04.014
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摘要

子宫颈癌是威胁女性健康的常见妇科恶性肿瘤之一,持续性高危型HPV感染与子宫颈癌的发生、发展密切相关,通过免疫治疗途径相继出现了预防性和治疗性HPV疫苗。迄今,已有3种预防性HPV疫苗得到批准并广泛使用,均显示出高效性和安全性,但无法消除已经存在的HPV感染;治疗性HPV疫苗的研发也已取得了新的进展,包括活载体疫苗、多肽和蛋白质疫苗、核酸疫苗以及细胞疫苗等。这些疫苗具有巨大的治疗潜力,但仍处于基础研究和临床试验阶段,实际应用有限。本文回顾了子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究进展和应用情况,总结各种疫苗的优点和不足之处,分析疫苗的应用前景,旨在为中国人研发原创型子宫颈癌HPV疫苗奠定基础。

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王仁杰,李悦含,耿玉笛,等. 子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究现状[J]. 中华妇产科杂志,2019,54(4):280-284.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2019.04.014

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子宫颈癌是全球范围内居第4位的妇科恶性肿瘤,2015年我国约有10万例女性患病,约3万例患者死亡,而且子宫颈癌的发病率呈快速上升趋势,对女性的身体健康造成巨大的威胁 [ 1 ]。目前的研究已明确,子宫颈癌的发生与HPV感染密切相关。流行病学研究也显示,约99.7%的子宫颈癌患者合并有HPV感染 [ 2 ],持续性高危型HPV感染是子宫颈癌发病的最主要原因,HPV16和18型是两种最常见的高危型HPV,分别占62.6%和15.7% [ 3 ]
HPV是子宫颈癌发生、发展的主要原因,主要通过性接触传播。据估计,大多数性活跃的女性一生中至少会感染1种HPV型别,大多数子宫颈HPV感染在1年或2年内自行消退;但在某些个体中,持续性感染可能导致尖锐湿疣、子宫颈癌前病变甚至是癌变 [ 4 ]。HPV的基因组编码6种早期调节蛋白(即E1、E2、E4、E5、E6和E7)和2种晚期结构蛋白(即L1和L2)。早期调节蛋白调控HPV DNA的复制、转录以及恶性转化,而晚期结构蛋白编码HPV衣壳蛋白。
目前,HPV感染相关的子宫颈癌及其他疾病的免疫治疗成为研究热点,预防性和治疗性HPV疫苗的研发已经取得了一定的成果,但预防性疫苗仍存在缺陷,治疗性疫苗尚处于临床试验阶段。本文旨在对子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究进展及应用情况进行综述,为疫苗的进一步研究、欠发达国家和地区的推广以及研发中国人原创型子宫颈癌HPV疫苗奠定基础。
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备注信息
A
廖书杰,Email: nc.defudabe.umjt.hjtoailjs
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金 (81672085、81372804、30901586)
中华医学会临床医学科研专项资金 (17020400709)
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