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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
口服霍乱灭活疫苗Shanchol的相关研究
周祖木
陈敏 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4211.2019.02.009
Related studies on a killed oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol)
Zhou Zumu
Chen Min
Authors Info & Affiliations
Zhou Zumu
Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
Chen Min
Information Service Department, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200051, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4211.2019.02.009
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摘要

霍乱疫苗是防控霍乱的重要工具之一。市售霍乱疫苗Shanchol为口服双价全细胞灭活疫苗，具有良好的免疫原性和安全性，现已用于防控霍乱的大规模接种运动。此文就Shanchol疫苗的免疫原性和应用现状、影响疫苗接种效果的因素以及疫苗在特殊人群中的安全性等相关研究进行综述。

霍乱菌苗;弧菌，霍乱;大规模疫苗接种;安全
ABSTRACT

Cholera vaccine is one of the main tools for prevention and control of cholera. Shanchol is a killed oral bivalent whole cell cholera vaccine, which has good immunogenicity and efficacy, and has been used in mass vaccination campaign for preventing and controlling cholera. This review summarizes related studies on the immunogenicity and application status of Shanchol vaccine, influence factors on the effect of its vaccination, and the safety of Shanchol vaccine in specific populations.

Cholera Vaccines; Vibrio cholerae ;Mass Vaccination;Safety
Zhou Zumu, Email: mocdef.6ab21umuzuohz
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引用本文

周祖木,陈敏. 口服霍乱灭活疫苗Shanchol的相关研究[J]. 国际生物制品学杂志,2019,42(2)：88-92.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4211.2019.02.009

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霍乱由霍乱弧菌引起，是一种以快速脱水为特征的腹泻性疾病，与贫困、环境卫生差以及清洁水源缺乏密切相关。历史上霍乱暴发曾导致数百万病例以及成千上万人死亡。目前霍乱仍是许多国家的重要公共卫生问题。
对于霍乱防控，除改善水源质量和环境卫生外，霍乱疫苗接种是一种有效的手段。目前霍乱疫苗Dukoral、Shanchol和Euvichol作为WHO推荐的疫苗，已在全球进行销售。Dukoral为口服单价霍乱灭活疫苗，含有重组霍乱毒素B亚单位和灭活的O1群霍乱弧菌。Shanchol和Euvichol为口服双价霍乱灭活疫苗，采用同样菌株制备，含有灭活的O1和O139群霍乱弧菌，不含霍乱毒素B亚单位。这3种疫苗均具有良好的免疫原性和安全性，已用于大规模免疫接种运动，来预防高危人群发生霍乱。此外，Dukoral因含有重组霍乱毒素B亚单位，还具有预防肠产毒性大肠埃希菌感染的交叉保护作用。国产口服霍乱疫苗"可唯适"与Dukoral为同一类型的疫苗，是由重组霍乱毒素B亚单位和灭活的O1群霍乱弧菌经冻干制成，剂型为肠溶胶囊，用于预防2岁以上高危人群发生霍乱和肠产毒性大肠埃希菌引起的腹泻。
口服双价霍乱灭活疫苗Shanchol由印度研发，于2009年在印度获批上市，并于2011年通过WHO预认证后供应国际市场。该疫苗为单剂西林瓶装，主要适用地方性流行区1岁以上人群，需间隔14 d口服2剂，口服时无需缓冲液和水 [ 1 , 2 ]。
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周祖木，Email: mocdef.6ab21umuzuohz
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