行为心理评估
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
成功老龄化量表跨文化调适及在城镇老年人中应用的信效度检验
童佩
周静静
郑雅婧
任青卓
梁韵仪
申乔乔
孙晓嘉
高钰琳
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2019.11.014
Cross-cultural adjustment of successful aging scale and its reliability and validity in urban elderly
Tong Pei
Zhou Jingjing
Zheng Yajing
Ren Qingzhuo
Liang Yunyi
Shen Qiaoqiao
Sun Xiaojia
Gao Yulin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Tong Pei
School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Zhou Jingjing
Zheng Yajing
Ren Qingzhuo
Liang Yunyi
Shen Qiaoqiao
Sun Xiaojia
Gao Yulin
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2019.11.014
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摘要

目的对中国台湾版成功老龄化量表进行文化调适,并验证在中国大陆城镇老年人群中的信效度。

方法对量表进行文化调适,经预试验修订后,形成正式调查问卷。采用便利抽样方法抽取广州市600名城镇老年人面对面进行问卷调查,随机抽取300份样本进行探索性因子分析,余下的样本( n=300)验证量表的结构效度。

结果探索性因子分析提取了健康自主、经济保障、生活适应、社会及亲友关系、学习、家庭6个因子,累计贡献率为65.366%。验证性因子分析的拟合指标为χ 2/ df=1.861,CFI=0.930,IFI=0.930,TLI=0.923,GFI=0.823,RMSEA=0.054,RMR=0.073。健康自主、经济保障、生活适应以及家庭四个维度天花板效应显著。量表内部一致性Cronbach's α系数为0.930,重测信度为0.943。成功老龄化量表条目均分≥3.95分被视为成功老龄化。

结论成功老龄化量表具有良好的信效度,可用于测评我国大陆老年人成功老龄化水平及跟踪健康促进措施的有效性。

成功老龄化;老年人;信度;效度
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo revised the Taiwan version successful aging inventory (SAI), and verify its reliability and validity in urban elderly in mainland China.

MethodsSAI was adjusted by culture and revised by pre-test to form a formal questionnaire. A sample of 600 elderly people in Guangzhou was chosen for a face-to-face questionnaire survey through convenient sampling. Half of the sample ( n=300) was randomly selected for exploratory factor analysis, and the other was used to confirm the structural validity of SAI.

ResultsExploratory factor analysis extracted six common factors, including health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, society and relative relationship, study and family. The cumulative contribution rate of six common factors was 65.366%. The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were χ 2/ df=1.861, CFI=0.930, IFI=0.930, TLI=0.923, GFI=0.823, RMSEA=0.054, RMR=0.073. There were significant ceiling effects in the four dimensions of health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, and family. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of SAI was 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.943. An average score of SAI ≥ 3.95 points was considered successful aging.

ConclusionReliability and validity of SAI are good, which can be used to measure the successful aging status of Chinese elders and track the effectiveness of health promotion measures.

Successful aging;The elderly;Reliability;Validity
Gao Yulin, Email: nc.defudabe.ums.ilyg
引用本文

童佩,周静静,郑雅婧,等. 成功老龄化量表跨文化调适及在城镇老年人中应用的信效度检验[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2019,28(11):1030-1036.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2019.11.014

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成功老龄化是衡量个体适应老年生活程度的重要指标 [ 1 ],指老年人随着年龄的增长能避免疾病或残疾,保持身体和认知功能良好,并积极参与社会活动 [ 2 , 3 ]。目前成功老龄化定义还未统一,主要原因是社会价值体系预先决定了成功老龄化的定义方式,不同文化背景下其衡量标准及价值取向有所差异 [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]。研究显示 [ 7 , 8 ],在东方国家,成功老龄化的关键要素是经济基础及良好的家庭与社会关系;而在西方国家,参与、活力是成功老龄化的关键要素;美国老年人支持自给自足,而香港老年人更愿意支持家庭养老。此外,多项研究强调了家庭关系是亚洲老年人成功老龄化的一个重要组成部分 [ 9 , 10 ],然而目前中国大陆的成功老龄化研究还未涉及家庭层面,常使用的工具有以下三种形式:第一,引进国外的工具 [ 11 , 12 ],这些工具本土化不够,是否适用于我国文化背景还有待考证;第二,任立山研制的成功老龄化他评量表 [ 13 ],此量表仅适用于具有一定专业知识的医护人员,在农村与养老机构的适用性还需进一步验证;第三,将多个信效度良好的量表(如简易智力状态检查量表、日常生活能力量表等)联合使用 [ 14 , 15 ],这会使问卷过长且操作复杂,不利于研究的实施。用于老年人的测量工具应尽可能简单、通俗易懂,且符合国情。
中国台湾学者林丽惠于2006年编制的成功老龄化量表信效度良好,在台湾地区使用广泛 [ 16 , 17 ]。量表涵盖面广,且立足于中华文化背景。但与中国大陆相比,中国台湾地区早在1993年就已进入高龄化社会,其养老服务的发展至少要比大陆提早了20年,也逐渐形成了符合其人口、文化、经济特征的养老体系 [ 18 ];虽然语言一致,但是日常习惯用语的表达仍存在地域差异。在不同的老化背景及养老政策下发展的成功老龄化测评工具是否适用中国大陆情况还有待考证。故本研究旨在对中国台湾成功老龄化量表进行文化调适,并检验其信效度,以期为我国大陆建立有效的成功老龄化测评工具。
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备注信息
A
高钰琳,Email: nc.defudabe.ums.ilyg
B

童佩:研究设计、数据收集、整理和统计分析、论文撰写及修改;高钰琳:研究设计、可行性分析,负责文章的审改和研究整体质量把控,提供经费支持。周静静:研究设计、可行性分析、为量表的文化调适提供意见与经验、录入数据;郑雅婧、任青卓:可行性分析、为量表的文化调适提供意见与经验;梁韵仪、申乔乔:数据收集;孙晓嘉:为量表的文化调适提供意见和建议。

C
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
D
全国老龄政策理论研究部级课题 (QLB2018A028)
广东省哲学社会科学"十三五"规划2016年度共建项目 (GD16XGL35)
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