诊疗方案
结核病营养治疗专家共识
中华医学会结核病学分会重症专业委员会
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.01.006
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摘要

营养治疗是结核病治疗的基础,是结核病自然病程中必不可少的预防和控制措施。结核病患者病情复杂多变,在机体代谢和能量消耗等方面有其特点,合理的营养供给不仅是一种支持手段,也是影响疾病进程和预后的重要治疗措施。为推动中国结核病营养治疗的普及和规范,更好地发挥营养在结核病治疗中的作用,促进相关科研工作开展,中华医学会结核病学分会重症专业委员会组织国内结核病和营养学专家,根据我国目前结核病营养治疗的经验和方法,同时结合美国、欧洲及我国最新的肠内肠外营养指南,制定了"结核病营养治疗专家共识",使结核病患者得到规范、持久的营养治疗,提高结核病患者生存质量,降低并发症,最终提高结核病患者的整体水平。

引用本文

中华医学会结核病学分会重症专业委员会. 结核病营养治疗专家共识[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2020,43(1):17-26.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.01.006

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结核病是由MTB引起的一种传染性疾病,几乎人体所有组织、器官均可发生,以肺结核最常见 [ 1 ]。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)2019年结核病报告显示,2018年全球新发结核病1 000万例,120万例因该病死亡。2018年我国结核病患者位居全球第2位,估算结核病新发患者为86.6万例,3.7万例死于该病。因结核病致死人数高于其他任何一种传染病,是世界重大的公共卫生问题之一 [ 2 ]
MTB感染者中约5%~10%将在其一生中发展为结核病。人体免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染、营养不良、糖尿病、吸烟和酒精滥用等高危因素使结核病的发病率更高 [ 2 ]。营养不良与结核病的发病关系密切并相互影响,其中蛋白质-能量营养不良(protein-calorie malnutrition,PCM)是结核病的危险因素之一,影响结核病的治疗结局。营养不良可能导致营养获得性免疫缺陷综合征,大大增加了个体对疾病感染进展的易感性,从而增加结核病潜伏期发展为活动期的概率 [ 3 ]
近年来,结核病与营养的研究不断进展,但我国尚缺乏有关结核病营养治疗的指导性文件。为更好发挥营养在结核病治疗中的作用,中华医学会结核病学分会重症专业委员会组织专家结合国内外证据和我国临床实践,经充分讨论后制定本共识,以便使结核病营养治疗更加科学、规范且易于实施。
本共识采用了2001年英国牛津循证医学中心分级系统治疗部分的分级标准( 表1 ,http://www.cebm.net/levels_of_evidence.asp)。
证据级别 定义 推荐强度
1a 同质RCT的系统评价 A
1b 结果可信区间小的单个RCT  
1c 显示"全或无效应"的任何证据  
2a 队列研究的系统综述 B
2b 单个的队列研究(包括低质量的RCT,如失访率>20%者)  
2c 基于患者结局的研究  
3a 病例对照研究的系统综述  
3b 单个病例对照研究  
4 病例系列报告、低质量队列研究和低质量病例对照研究 C
5 专家意见(即无临床研究支持的仅依据基础研究或临床经验的推测) D
2001年牛津证据质量与推荐强度分级(治疗部分)
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备注信息
A
谢雯霓,深圳市第三人民医院518000,Email: nc.defudabe.hcetsus .yszsekgnaygniy;李亮,首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院101149,Email: grodef.3ab21btgnailil
B
刘又宁教授、吴琦教授、陈伟教授、沈生荣教授和中华医学会结核病学分会其他专家对本共识提出的宝贵意见,本共识得到兰州大学循证医学中心陈耀龙教授团队在证据评价与分级方面给予的支持和协助
C
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