目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)危重症患者的临床特点,构建重型/危重型预警模型,为新冠肺炎重型/危重型的预判提供一定参考。
方法回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月18日安徽省阜阳市第二人民医院收治的新冠肺炎患者临床资料,包括人口学和流行病史、入院时生命体征及血液学指标等。根据国家卫生健康委员会新冠肺炎诊疗方案的分型标准将患者分为普通型(纳入普通组)和重型/危重型(纳入重症组),比较两组间各指标的差异,并将差异存在统计学意义的变量纳入多因素二分类非条件Logistic回归分析,筛选重型/危重型的危险因素。将危险因素汇总建立预警模型,并用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估预警模型在重型/危重型新冠肺炎预判中的意义。
结果共收治155例新冠肺炎患者,普通型125例,重型/危重型30例。①与普通组比较,重症组患者年龄高,合并基础疾病比例高,体重指数(BMI)大,呼吸过速的比例高,并伴有持续高热、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO 2)<0.95的比例高,白细胞计数(WBC)、CD4 + T淋巴细胞、CD8 + T淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞计数(LYM)明显降低,白细胞介素- 6(IL-6)、C -反应蛋白(CRP)、血清淀粉样蛋白(SAA)水平及CT示肺部多叶病变比例增高;而两组间性别、是否为武汉返乡人员、吸烟史、休克指数(SI)、CD4 +/CD8 +比值差异均无统计学意义。②多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁〔优势比( OR)=1.620, P=0.031〕、合并基础疾病( OR=1.521, P=0.044)、持续高热( OR=2.469, P=0.014)、WBC<2.0×10 9/L和(或)LYM<0.4×10 9/L( OR=3.079, P=0.006)、肺部多叶病变( OR=1.367, P=0.047)、IL-6≥30 ng/L( OR=2.426, P=0.010)是发生重型/危重型新冠肺炎的危险因素。③采取四舍五入法对各项危险因素对应的 OR值进行记分,以年龄≥60岁记2分、合并基础疾病记2分、持续高热记2分、WBC<2.0×10 9/L和(或)LYM<0.4×10 9/L记3分、肺部多叶病变记1分、IL-6≥30 ng/L记2分,合计为预警模型评分,重症组预警模型评分明显高于普通组(分:9.33±2.79比5.04±2.38, t=9.010, P=0.001)。④ ROC曲线分析显示,预警模型对早期筛检新冠肺炎重型/危重型患者的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944,95%可信区间(95% CI)为0.903~0.985;最佳临界值为6.5分时,敏感度为93.3%,特异度为72.0%。
结论重型/危重型与普通型新冠肺炎患者之间存在诸多差异,通过建立预警模型,可以帮助早期筛选重型/危重型患者,对指导治疗有一定意义。
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), build an early warning model for severe/critical type, and aim at providing reference for the prediction of severe/critical COVID-19.
MethodsThe clinical data of COVID-19 patients treated in the Second People' Hospital of Fuyang City from January 20th to February 18th in 2020 were retrospective analyzed, including the demographic and epidemiological date, vital signs and hematology indexes, etc. on admission. Patients were divided into the normal type (set as normal group) and severe/critical type (set as severe group) according to the COVID-19 treatment plan classification standard published by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The differences between two groups were compared, and the variables with statistical significance were incorporated in the multivariate binary unconditional Logistic regression analysis to screen the risk factors of severe/critical type. Risk factors were summarized to establish an early warning model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was carried out to evaluate the significance of the early warning model in the screening of critically COVID-19.
ResultsA total of 155 patients with COVID-19 were admitted, including 125 patients of normal type and 30 patients of severe/critical type. ① Compared with normal group, patients in severe group were older, and with higher proportion of basic diseases, higher body mass index (BMI), higher incidence of tachypnea, persistent high fever, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2) < 0.95, while the white blood cell count (WBC), CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 + T lymphocyte, lymphocyte count (LYM) were decreased obviously, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid a protein (SAA), and CT showed higher incidence of multi-pulmonary lobe lesions. There were no significant differences of gender, travel history from Wuhan, smoking history, shock index (SI) and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio between the two groups. ② Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years old [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.620, P = 0.031], combined with underlying diseases ( OR = 1.521, P = 0.044), persistent high fever ( OR = 2.469, P = 0.014), WBC < 2.0×10 9/L and/or LYM < 0.4×10 9/L ( OR = 3.079, P = 0.006), pulmonary multilobar lesions ( OR = 1.367, P = 0.047), and IL-6 ≥ 30 ng/L ( OR = 2.426, P = 0.010) were the risk factors of severe/critical COVID-19. ③ The OR value corresponding to each risk factors were scored by rounding. Two points were scored for age≥60 years old, with underlying diseases, persistent high fever and IL-6 ≥ 30 ng/L, 3 points for WBC < 2.0×10 9/L and/or LYM < 0.4×10 9/L, 1 point for pulmonary multilobar lesions, and totally calculated as early warning model scores. The early warning model score of the severe group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (9.33±2.79 vs. 5.04±2.38, t = 9.010, P = 0.001). ④ The ROC curve analysis showed the area under ROC curve (AUC) of early warning model on the early screening of severe/critical patients in COVID-19 was 0.944, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.903-0.985; and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 72.0% respectively while the cut-off was 6.5.
ConclusionsThere are many differences between severe/critical and mild COVID-19 patients. The establishment of early warning model could help to screen severe/critical patients at an early stage, with certain significance for guiding treatment.
许靖,赵凤德,韩明锋,等. 重型/危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特点分析和预警模型构建[J]. 中华危重病急救医学,2020,32(04):401-406.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20200325-00410版权归中华医学会所有。
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指标 | 普通组( n=125) | 重症组( n=30) | χ 2/ t值 | P值 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别〔例(%)〕 | 男性 | 67(53.6) | 20(66.7) | 1.678 | 0.195 |
女性 | 58(46.4) | 10(33.3) | |||
年龄(岁,
|
39.84±15.09 | 50.97±13.55 | 3.695 | 0.000 | |
合并基础疾病〔例(%)〕 | 16(12.8) | 12(40.0) | 12.093 | 0.000 | |
BMI(kg/m
2,
|
23.75±3.17 | 25.69±3.22 | 3.001 | 0.003 | |
武汉返乡人员〔例(%)〕 | 54(43.2) | 16(53.3) | 1.003 | 0.317 | |
吸烟史〔例(%)〕 | 14(11.2) | 7(23.3) | 3.041 | 0.081 | |
持续高热〔例(%)〕 | 27(21.6) | 13(43.3) | 5.986 | 0.015 | |
SpO 2<0.95〔例(%)〕 | 11( 8.8) | 8(26.7) | 7.181 | 0.007 | |
呼吸过速〔例(%)〕 | 7( 5.6) | 6(20.0) | 6.529 | 0.011 | |
SI(
|
0.639±0.214 | 0.701±0.198 | 1.445 | 0.075 | |
WBC(×10
9/L,
|
3.515±1.204 | 3.027±1.419 | 1.924 | 0.028 | |
CD4
+ T淋巴细胞(个/μL,
|
481.12±243.60 | 330.43±211.00 | 3.362 | 0.001 | |
CD8
+ T淋巴细胞(个/μL,
|
359.12±191.26 | 233.50±149.63 | 3.840 | 0.000 | |
CD4
+/CD8
+比值(
|
1.54±0.67 | 1.80±0.92 | 0.793 | 0.434 | |
LYM(×10
9/L,
|
0.581±0.198 | 0.426±0.163 | 3.051 | 0.001 | |
IL-6(ng/L,
|
19.16±10.53 | 75.85±37.64 | 2.630 | 0.013 | |
CRP(mg/L,
|
17.93±9.62 | 50.69±17.68 | 3.630 | 0.001 | |
SAA(mg/L,
|
87.64±34.85 | 137.00±70.23 | 3.295 | 0.002 |
注:BMI为体重指数,SpO 2为脉搏血氧饱和度,SI为休克指数,WBC为白细胞计数,LYM为淋巴细胞计数,IL-6为白细胞介素- 6,CRP为C -反应蛋白,SAA为血清淀粉样蛋白
变量 | 赋值 |
---|---|
X 1:年龄 | <60岁=0,≥60岁=1 |
X 2:基础疾病 | 无=0,有=1 |
X 3:BMI | <30 kg/m 2=0,≥30 kg/m 2=1 |
X 4:持续高热 | 无=0,有=1 |
X 5:SpO 2<0.95 | 否=0,是=1 |
X 6:呼吸过速 | 否=0,是=1 |
X 7:肺部多叶病变 | 否=0,是=1 |
X 8:WBC<2.0×10 9/L和(或)LYM<0.4×10 9/L | 否=0,是=1 |
X 9:CD4 + T淋巴细胞<470个/μL | 否=0,是=1 |
X 10:CD8 + T淋巴细胞<287个/μL | 否=0,是=1 |
X 11:IL-6≥30 ng/L | 否=0,是=1 |
X 12:CRP≥31 mg/L | 否=0,是=1 |
X 13:SAA≥100 mg/L | 否=0,是=1 |
Y:临床分型 | 普通型=0,重型/危重型=1 |
注:BMI为体重指数,SpO 2为脉搏血氧饱和度,WBC为白细胞计数,LYM为淋巴细胞计数,IL-6为白细胞介素- 6,CRP为C -反应蛋白,SAA为血清淀粉样蛋白
因素 | β值 |
|
χ 2值 | P值 | OR值 | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄≥60岁 | 3.837 | 1.207 | 2.861 | 0.031 | 1.620 | 1.134~3.208 |
合并基础疾病 | 2.099 | 1.043 | 1.552 | 0.044 | 1.521 | 1.057~5.088 |
BMI≥30 kg/m 2 | 0.319 | 1.108 | 0.051 | 0.214 | 1.228 | 0.681~1.982 |
持续高热 | 3.276 | 1.732 | 3.099 | 0.014 | 2.469 | 1.390~4.867 |
SpO 2<0.95 | 0.012 | 0.032 | 0.136 | 0.712 | 1.207 | 0.929~1.052 |
呼吸过速 | 1.450 | 1.543 | 0.884 | 0.347 | 1.068 | 0.726~1.260 |
肺部多叶病变 | 2.380 | 2.074 | 1.385 | 0.047 | 1.367 | 1.145~3.417 |
WBC<2.0×10 9/L和(或)LYM<0.4×10 9/L | 4.876 | 1.321 | 6.211 | 0.006 | 3.079 | 1.614~6.025 |
CD4 + T淋巴细胞<470个/μL | 0.005 | 0.004 | 1.572 | 0.210 | 1.089 | 0.987~1.003 |
CD8 + T淋巴细胞<287个/μL | 0.004 | 0.002 | 1.050 | 0.305 | 1.036 | 0.988~1.011 |
IL-6≥30 ng/L | 0.027 | 0.009 | 4.119 | 0.010 | 2.426 | 1.250~4.887 |
CRP≥31 mg/L | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.898 | 0.343 | 1.013 | 0.986~1.045 |
SAA≥100 mg/L | 1.463 | 0.983 | 1.102 | 0.088 | 1.281 | 0.867~2.643 |
注:BMI为体重指数,SpO 2为脉搏血氧饱和度,WBC为白细胞计数,LYM为淋巴细胞计数,IL-6为白细胞介素- 6,CRP为C -反应蛋白,SAA为血清淀粉样蛋白, OR为优势比,95% CI为95%可信区间
注:ROC曲线为受试者工作特征曲线

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