论著
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
中国人群腭中缝生长发育形态特点分期与其相应生理年龄分布的初步研究
高璐
谷岩
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115797-20191203-20201
Preliminary investigation on morphological stages of midpalatal suture maturation and its related distribution of chronological age in Chinese population
Gao Lu
Gu Yan
Authors Info & Affiliations
Gao Lu
Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100181, China
Gu Yan
Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100181, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115797-20191203-20201
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摘要

目的通过观察锥体束CT建立中国人群腭中缝生长发育过程中形态特点分期方法,并研究该分期个体生理年龄的分布情况,探索该分期方法应用于传统牙支持式上颌快速扩弓时机选择的临床意义。

方法本研究为回顾性观察性研究,收集1076例样本,其中,女性675人,男性401人,年龄6.0~20.9岁。观察其锥体束CT影像的水平位腭中缝区域,归纳生长发育中形态特征并建立分期方法。统计该分期方法与个体生理年龄的频数与比例分布。

结果(1)中国人群腭中缝形态特点分期共5期,其中第4期分为4s1与4s2两个亚期。(2)6.0~10.9岁,女性1~2期占81%,男性1~2期占87%。11.0~12.9岁3期占比最大,为60%。13.0~13.9岁3~4s1期占比最大,3期占比超过4期(女:3期46%而4s1期38%,男:3期54%而4s1期36%)。14.0~14.9岁者仍为3~4s1期占比最大,但4s1期超过3期(女:3期29%而4s1期54%,男:3期26%而4s1期56%)。15.0~20.9岁者中女性5期者占94%,男性5期者占90%。

结论依据本研究建立的腭中缝形态特点分期方法,13.0~14.9岁传统牙支持式上颌快速扩弓适应证患者治疗前有必要加拍锥体束CT以明确腭中缝骨化闭合状态。

腭中缝;形态特点分期;闭合;生理年龄
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo establish a staging method to describe the morphological development of midpalatal suture of Chinese population, to investigate the distribution of chronological age of this method, and to explore its clinical application in determining the timing of upper rapid palatal expansion.

MethodsThis study is a retrospective observational study. 1076 CBCT images (Female: 675, Male: 401, Age range: 6.0~20.9 years old) are included. Morphological stages and corresponding features of midpalatal suture are classified and summarized according to images on horizontal view. Relation between midpalatal suture stages and chronological age ranges are performed by frequency and proportion analysis.

Results(1) Five stages of midpalatal suture are established, with Stage 4 divided into two substages: Stage 4s1 and Stage 4s2. (2) Majority of samples between 6.0~10.9 years old are at Stage 1~2 (Female: Stage 1~2: 81%. Male: Stage 1~2: 87%). Majority of samples between 11.0~12.9 years old are at Stage 3, accounting for 60%. Majority of samples between 13.0~13.9 years old are at Stage 3 and Stage 4s1, with larger proportion of Stage 3 than Stage 4s1 (Female: Stage 3: 46%, Stage 4s1: 38%. Male: Stage 3: 54%, Stage 4s1: 36%). Majority of samples between 14.0~14.9 years old are at Stage 3 and Stage 4s1, with larger proportion of Stage 4s1 than Stage 3 (Female: Stage 3: 29%, Stage 4s1: 54%. Male: Stage 3: 26%, Stage 4s1: 56%). Majority of samples between 15.0~20.9 years old are at Stage 4~5 (Female: Stage 4~5: 94%. Male: Stage 4~5: 90%).

ConclusionsThe morphological staging method of midpalatal suture established in this study indicates that it is necessary to take CBCT exams for potential tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion treatments in 13.0~14.9 years old individuals to clear the maturation and fusion status of midpalatal suture.

Morphological stage;Midpalatal suture;Fusion;Chronological age
Gu Yan, E-mail: mocdef.6ab2169nayug, Tel: 0086-10-82195336
引用本文

高璐,谷岩. 中国人群腭中缝生长发育形态特点分期与其相应生理年龄分布的初步研究[J]. 中华口腔正畸学杂志,2020,27(02):61-66.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115797-20191203-20201

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腭中缝是上颌腭部的解剖结构,在婴幼儿时期未闭合 [ 1 ]。随全身生长发育,腭中缝逐渐闭合。对人头骨标本的观察研究显示,上颌腭中缝骨化闭合的生理年龄存在个体间差异 [ 2 , 3 ]。Persson等的研究显示,腭中缝骨化闭合起始时间与人体骨骼生长发育相关性较强 [ 4 ]。Melsen等 [ 5 ]在1975年以组织学样本将完全骨化闭合前的腭中缝生长发育分为三个时期:(1)婴儿期:腭中缝宽而平滑,呈"Y"形;(2)儿童期:腭中缝呈波浪状形态,双侧出现"骨岛"交错;(3)青少年期:腭中缝呈更曲折的波浪状态,双侧"骨桥"状交叉错合线较长且曲折。其结论是:女性腭中缝的生长发育持续呈约16岁,男性约18岁。
上颌快速扩弓最早是1860年由Angell [ 6 ]报道使用,适应证包括上颌牙弓横向发育不足、上下颌牙弓宽度不调或上颌牙列拥挤等 [ 7 , 8 ]。上颌腭中缝发育成熟与骨化的程度是影响快速扩弓时机选择的重要因素。Proffit等 [ 5 ]对扩弓时机的描述是:9~10岁前非外科辅助的上颌快速扩弓较安全,骨性效应较大;青少年的扩弓难度增加,骨性效应减小。但是,二者具体的划分界线并没有给出。锥形束计算机断层扫描(Cone-beam computed tomography, CBCT)是目前广泛使用的颅颌面部影像学检查方法之一,对于硬组织的观察较有优势 [ 9 , 10 ]。CBCT图像能够观察被检查部位的三维影像而无结构重叠干扰,获得信息较全面,放射暴露剂量小于传统螺旋CT,观察精度可以满足临床需求,且检查方便,性价比较高 [ 11 ]
Angelieri等 [ 12 ]选取140例样本,以CBCT对腭中缝区域进行探索性形态特点观察,建立了A~E共5期的腭中缝形态特点分期方法。不同学者对该分期方法的可靠性、可重复性等进行了评估,普遍认为该方法的可靠性与可重复性并不乐观,应用于临床,还需较大改进 [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]
有效评估腭中缝生长发育骨化程度并对其进行分期,以把握上颌快速扩弓的治疗时机,是正畸临床现仍未解决的重要问题。目前国内尚无大样本中国人群的腭中缝形态特点分期方法。此外对于中国人群,青少年甚至年轻成年人,腭中缝区骨化闭合过程与生理年龄是否有关联,目前仍不明确。
因此,本课题的目的是观察中国人群CBCT影像,归纳总结上颌腭中缝生长发育过程中典型形态变化特点,建立腭中缝生长发育过程中形态特点分期方法,并研究个体生理年龄在该分期间的分布,以探索该分期方法应用于传统牙支持式上颌快速扩弓时机选择的临床意义。
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备注信息
A
谷岩,E-mail: mocdef.6ab2169nayug,电话:010-82195336
B

高璐:样本收集,数据分析,研究文章撰写;谷岩:研究设计,数据分析,研究文章审阅

C
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
D
国家自然科学基金 (81771027,81970979)
科技部科技基础资源调查专项课题 (2018FY101005)
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