实验研究
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
示踪病毒工具在小鼠视觉环路各级神经元功能和形态研究中的应用
沈科炯
沈吟
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191021-00457
Application of virus tracing tools in the study of function and morphology of neurons in the visual circuit
Shen Kejiong
Shen Yin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Shen Kejiong
Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
Shen Yin
Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191021-00457
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摘要

目的利用病毒工具研究视网膜到脑的神经环路中神经细胞的形态结构及细胞之间的联系方式,并根据其示踪方向性和跨细胞突触性质,探索其用于研究视觉环路中细胞形态和连接分布情况。

方法应用随机数字表法将6~8周龄实验小鼠随机分组,每组4只。野生型C57BL/J小鼠用于荧光金、腺相关病毒(AAV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和1型单纯疱疹病毒129株(H129)示踪实验;转基因鼠 GAD2- Cre小鼠用于AAV的示踪实验;转基因鼠 Thy1- Cre小鼠用于狂犬病毒(RV)跨单突触示踪实验。病毒方向选择性示踪:(1)逆向示踪 在小鼠双侧上丘注射逆向神经示踪剂荧光金、AAV、PRV或RV,在特定时间点处死小鼠并取视网膜铺片,观察投射到脑的视网膜细胞形态分布和数量;(2)顺向示踪 在小鼠玻璃体腔注射H129等顺向示踪剂,在相应时间点取小鼠的大脑切片,观察视网膜投射到脑的细胞形态分布和数量。

结果逆向标记中,荧光金标记到的视网膜神经节细胞比AAV标记到的数量更多,但AAV标记的神经节细胞有更多细胞突起的精细结构,荧光金仅能标记细胞的胞体。玻璃体腔注射H129和视觉投射脑区定位注射PRV能跨多突触后显示环路中串联起来的细胞分级投射。跨单突触示踪病毒,RVG缺失的重组RV在结合辅助病毒后,可有效逆向跨1个突触,标记下一级的细胞。

结论AAV病毒通过其携带的荧光蛋白可研究细胞精细的形态学特征。H129、PRV和RV可用于研究视觉环路中神经连接。结合Cre/loxP、Caspase-3、DTA、Gcamp等基因元件技术,病毒工具能精确调控表达特定类型细胞的功能,同时进行非常细致的视觉功能和形态研究。

示踪;荧光金;病毒工具;视觉环路
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo utilize four viral tracer tools with different properties, to visualize cell morphology and connectome in visual pathways and explore and summarize the applications of different viral tracer tools in visual circuit, basing on the technology of neural circuitry tracing with viral vectors.

MethodsFor cell tracing, C57BL/J mice were injected by fluorogold, adeno-associated virus (AAV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) or herpes simplex virus 1 strain 129 (H129). GAD2-Cre mice were injected by AAV. Thy1-Cre mice were injected by rabies virus (RV). Four mice were contained in every group.Retrograde tracing: mice were injected with fluorogold, AAV, PRV or RV in SC regions.After a certain period, their retinas were isolated, expanded into flat-mounted on slides to observe the morphology and distribution of labelled retinal cells.Anterograde tracing: mice were injected with H129 in vitreous cavities.After a certain period, their brains were isolated to observe the morphology and distribution of labelled brain cells.

ResultsThe number of cells labelled by fluorogold was larger than that labelled by AAV.The morphology of cells labelled by AAV possessed more details than that by fluorogold.H129 and PRV injection could display numerous cells with synaptic connections in the visual circuit.Recombined RV could mono-transsynaptically spread and label cells with the support of helper virus.

ConclusionsAAV is more helpful in studying cell morphology.HSV-1, PRV and RV can be used to study cell connectomes.Cooperated with Cre/loxP system, Caspase-3, DTA, Gcamp or other neuroscience tools, viral tracer tools can be used to regulate the function of cells that belong to a specific cell type.

Trace;Fluorogold;Viral tools;Visual circuit
Shen Yin, Email: nc.defudabe.uhwnehsniy
引用本文

沈科炯,沈吟. 示踪病毒工具在小鼠视觉环路各级神经元功能和形态研究中的应用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2020,38(09):746-753.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191021-00457

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视网膜神经元之间突触连接是视网膜功能研究的基础,了解视网膜神经环路的突触联系对理解视觉环路功能机制、揭示视觉功能疾病病因以及寻找疾病的新治疗方法具有重要意义。神经示踪法可特异性地标记神经元 [ 1 , 2 ],是解析视觉神经环路连接的重要工具。示踪剂,包括无机荧光分子(如荧光金)和细菌毒素(如霍乱毒素),可应用于探索视网膜和脑的功能连接 [ 3 , 4 ],但因其容易淬灭且无法完整呈现细胞形态,从而限制了其应用。近年来新发展的示踪病毒工具可克服此类缺点,并能有效地示踪神经网络突触连接。目前常用的示踪病毒工具包括腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)、1型单纯性疱疹病毒129株(herpes simplex virus strain 129,H129)、伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)以及狂犬病毒(rabies virus,RV)。AAV是4.7 kb的单链DNA小病毒,体积小、无包膜、无致病性,是已在临床中应用的病毒基因转移载体之一 [ 5 , 6 ];其也广泛应用于科学研究和尝试性眼部临床基因治疗 [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]。H129和PRV基因组体量大,约150 kb,属单纯疱疹病毒,而RV属弹状病毒。H129、PRV和RV均可跨突触在细胞间传递,拥有应用于眼科视觉环路研究的潜力 [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]。本研究运用AAV、H129、PRV和RV来研究视觉环路中细胞的联系。
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沈吟,Email: nc.defudabe.uhwnehsniy
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所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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国家重点研发计划项目 (2017YFE0103400)
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