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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
泪液病原和免疫组分检测及其临床意义的研究现状
高琪
陶勇 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190830-00375
Review on the detection of tear pathogen and immune component and its clinical significance
Gao Qi
Tao Yong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Gao Qi
Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
Tao Yong
Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190830-00375
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摘要

眼表疾病是眼科临床常见疾病，临床医生仅根据症状、体征、血清学检查很难准确早期诊断，甚至可造成误诊。泪液检测相对于血液检测更能反映眼表局部病情，且具有无创性、诊断准确性高、诊断速度快的特点。泪液检测应用聚合酶链式反应、酶联免疫吸附测定、基因芯片等现代检验技术，检测泪液中的病原和免疫组分，包括微生物核酸、泪液抗体(IgM、IgG、IgE、IgA、抗核抗体等)和细胞因子(白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子、干扰素、转化生长因子、表皮生长因子等)。泪液检测提供了眼表局部病原体感染和免疫反应信息。目前国内外大量泪液检测研究显示，不仅眼表疾病，葡萄膜炎、眼底疾病、甲状腺相关眼病，甚至糖尿病、乙型肝炎、获得性免疫缺陷综合征等全身疾病，泪液成分都有一定规律性变化。此外，通过对泪液病原和免疫组分成分的研究对研究疾病成因、生化及免疫过程、疾病治疗等均有重要意义。本文就泪液采集、泪液病原和免疫组分临床意义、各个疾病泪液特点方面，阐述眼表泪液检测的进展，以期为临床工作提供参考。

泪液检测;眼表疾病;细胞因子;诊断技术，眼科
ABSTRACT

Ocular surface diseases are common diseases in ophthalmology.It is difficult for clinicians to make early and accurate diagnosis based on symptoms, signs and serologic examination.Compared with the blood test, the tear test can reflect the condition of the local ocular surface and it has the characteristics of being non-invasive, having high diagnostic accuracy and fast diagnostic speed.Tear detection uses modern detection techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene chip and protein chip to detect the pathogen and immune components in tear, including microbial nucleic acid, tear antibody (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, antinuclear antibody, etc.) and cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, interference factor, transforming growth factor, epidermal growth factor, etc.). Tear detection provides information about the pathogen infection and immune response on the ocular surface.At present, a large number of domestic and foreign tear detection studies show that there are certain regular changes in tear composition, not only in ocular surface diseases, uveitis, fundus diseases, thyroid related ophthalmopathy, but even in systemic diseases such as diabetes, hepatitis B, acquired immune deficiency syndrome etc.In addition, the research of tear pathogen and immune components is of great significance to study the cause, biochemical and immune process, treatment of diseases.In this paper, the latest research progress of tear collection, the clinical significance of tear pathogen and immune components and the characteristics of tear in various diseases was summarized and analyzed to provide reference for clinical practice.

Tear detection;Ocular surface diseases;Cytokines;Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmology
Tao Yong, Email: mocdef.habycjbgnoyoat
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引用本文

高琪,陶勇. 泪液病原和免疫组分检测及其临床意义的研究现状[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2021,39(02)：154-160.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190830-00375

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眼表疾病包括角膜、结膜、睑缘、泪膜疾病，也包括影响泪膜形成和功能的泪器和泪道疾病。泪液有清洗、湿润、消毒眼球表面、保护和营养眼表的作用，同时泪液中含有多种酶类及具有抑菌、抗菌作用的免疫调节蛋白与多肽，这些成分与泪液流动构成了眼表的泪液防御系统。泪腺、角膜、结膜、睑板、眼睑以及连接它们的感觉和运动神经，共同构成了泪腺功能单位 [ 1 ]。泪液循环分布于眼表，发生眼表疾病时病原和免疫组分迅速弥散或分泌于泪液。在眼表疾病早期，血液中相关成分改变不大，泪液检测对于眼表疾病早期精准诊断和治疗评估意义重大。本文就泪液采集、泪液病原和免疫组分临床意义、各个疾病泪液特点方面，阐述眼表泪液检测的进展。
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陶勇，Email： mocdef.habycjbgnoyoat
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金面上基金项目 (82070948)
北京市教育委员会科研计划项目 (KM202010025020)
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