共识与指南
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
非小细胞肺癌分子病理检测临床实践指南(2021版)
中华医学会病理学分会
国家病理质控中心
中华医学会肿瘤学分会肺癌学组
中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会
中国胸部肿瘤研究协作组
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201220-00945
Guidelines on clinical practice of molecular tests in non-small cell lung cancer in China
Chinese Society of Pathology
Pathology Quality Control Center
Chinese Medical Association Chinese Society of Oncology
China Anti-cancer Association Chinese Society of Lung Cancer
Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group
Liang Zhiyong
Wu Yilong
Lu Shun
Authors Info & Affiliations
Chinese Society of Pathology
Pathology Quality Control Center
Chinese Medical Association Chinese Society of Oncology
China Anti-cancer Association Chinese Society of Lung Cancer
Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group
Liang Zhiyong
Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
Wu Yilong
Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
Lu Shun
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201220-00945
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摘要

近十年来,晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗,尤其是靶向治疗,取得了极大的进展,分子分型是非小细胞肺癌实施靶向治疗的前提。选择准确、快速、恰当的检测方法,全面筛选出适用靶向药物的目标人群具有重要临床意义。本指南基于国内临床实践数据及结合中国国情,以国内已上市治疗药物及体外诊断检测试剂为导向制定,重在对分子病理检测实践的指导。其他靶基因及免疫治疗相关生物标志物只做简单概述,待更多实践数据的积累后更新。

引用本文

中华医学会病理学分会,国家病理质控中心,中华医学会肿瘤学分会肺癌学组,等. 非小细胞肺癌分子病理检测临床实践指南(2021版)[J]. 中华病理学杂志,2021,50(04):323-332.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201220-00945

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近十年来,晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的治疗,尤其是靶向治疗,取得了极大的进展,可明显提高患者治疗的客观缓解率和延长无进展生存时间(PFS),并显著提高生活质量 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5。分子分型是NSCLC实施靶向治疗的前提。研究数据表明,我国肺腺癌患者常见基因变异谱系与西方人群存在较大差异 6 , 7。选择准确、快速、恰当的检测方法,全面筛选出适用靶向药物的目标人群具有重要临床意义。同时,随着少见基因变异的不断发现以及靶向药物获得性耐药机制的完善 8 , 9 , 10,临床对基因检测的内涵提出了更多的需求。另外,免疫治疗尤其是抗PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的发展也显著改善了部分NSCLC患者预后 11 , 12 , 13。如何筛选免疫治疗潜在获益人群成为新的挑战。多项临床研究表明,NSCLC中肿瘤细胞PD-L1表达水平的高低与抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫抑制剂的疗效呈正相关 14 , 15 , 16 , 17。然而,PD-L1的检测和判读在临床实践中存在较多挑战。除PD-L1表达水平外,肿瘤突变负荷(tumor mutation burden,TMB)以及肿瘤微环境等也与免疫治疗疗效存在一定的相关性 18 , 19。同时,分子病理检测的方法多样,包括Sanger测序、即时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、二代测序及免疫组织化学(IHC)等,各种检测方法具有不同的优缺点,需根据检测内容及临床需求选择恰当的检测方法;单基因检测是现阶段广泛获批的检测方法,具有快速、易开展的特点;多基因检测可一次为患者提供多种基因变异信息。现阶段,多重PCR检测和小Panel二代测序试剂盒均已经获得国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)的批准,可同时检测多个基因变异;二代测序技术能够在DNA及RNA水平进行更多基因、多位点检测,是未来分子病理的发展方向。
多年来,国内临床和病理专家一直致力于NSCLC分子分型检测的规范化,并制定了相应的专家共识或指南 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29,对如何选择检测人群、检测标本与检测方法,以及制定、优化规范化检测流程起到了重要作用。检测的标准化可提升检测结果的准确性,使患者更大程度上获益。随着临床对分子分型检测内涵需求的不断增加,尤其是我国临床实践数据的不断积累、检测问题的不断发现、新检测技术平台的应用,以及更多基因检测质控与多中心真实世界数据研究的积累,亟待更加全面的关于NSCLC分子分型检测的实践指导。
本指南基于国内临床实践数据、结合中国国情,以国内已上市治疗药物及体外诊断检测试剂为导向制定,重在对分子病理检测实践的指导。其他靶基因及免疫治疗相关生物标志物只做简单概述,待更多实践数据的积累后更新。分子病理实验室建设及管理规范请参照相应指南或专家共识 30 , 31,本指南不作过多赘述。
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备注信息
A
梁智勇,中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院病理科 100730,Email: mocdef.oabohay0221gnoyihzgnail
B
吴一龙,广东省人民医院 广东省肺癌研究所,广州 510080,Email: nc.defevabiluwlyys
C
陆舜,上海市胸科医院 上海交通大学附属胸科医院肿瘤科 200030,Email: nc.defudabe.utjsulnuhs
D

中华医学会病理学分会, 国家病理质量控制与指导中心, 中华医学会肿瘤学分会肺癌学组, 等. 非小细胞肺癌分子病理检测临床实践指南(2021版)[J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2021, 50(4): 323-332. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201220-00945.

E

执笔人:应建明(国家癌症中心 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 肿瘤医院病理科 100021);师晓华(中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院病理科 100730)

F
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