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星形胶质细胞活化在视神经损伤中的研究进展
张明旭
杨嘉玮
赵秀兰
赵瑛
朱思泉
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20200227-00126
Recent advance in mechanism of reactive astrocytes in optic nerve injury
Zhang Mingxu
Yang Jiawei
Zhao Xiulan
Zhao Ying
Zhu Siquan
Authors Info & Affiliations
Zhang Mingxu
College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
Yang Jiawei
College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
Zhao Xiulan
College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
Zhao Ying
College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
Zhu Siquan
Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20200227-00126
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摘要

视神经是视觉传入中枢的唯一通路，主要细胞成分包括神经节细胞和神经胶质细胞。星形胶质细胞(AS)是一种存在于中枢神经系统(包括视神经)的神经胶质细胞，生理状况下起着支持神经细胞、清除代谢产物的功能。由于影响因素的差异，AS活化可以分为具有神经毒性的A1型AS活化和具有神经保护作用的A2型AS活化。因此管理AS活化途径对视神经损伤后减少视神经元凋亡以及促进神经轴突再生有着潜在的价值。本文将从AS的基本生理功能出发，围绕这2种不同类型的AS活化，对其活化机制、诱导因素以及应用价值进行综述，以期为视神经损伤的治疗提供新的思路及方向。

星形胶质细胞活化;神经节细胞;中枢神经系统;视神经损伤;神经退行性病变
ABSTRACT

The optic nerve is the only pathway that transduct visual signals into visual centers, and is consisted of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in center nerve system (CNS), are considered as structural supporter and carrier of metabolic components of neurons. In recent years, astrocytes have become treasure of neurological study due to their dual effects after nerve injury. The neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are termed as A1-type, and the neuroprotective ones are termed as A2-type. For the purpose of reducing neuron loss after optic nerve injury, it is critical to find out proper management methods of astrocyte reactivity. In this paper, we will concentrate on the inducers, mechanisms and influences of astrocyte reactivity in optic nerve and CNS, and then, summarize present possible interference ways to a neuroprotective outcome.

Astrocyte reactivity;Ganglion cell;Central nerve system;Optic nerve injury;Degenerative neuropathy
Zhu Siquan, Email: mocdef.qabquhznauqis
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引用本文

张明旭,杨嘉玮,赵秀兰,等. 星形胶质细胞活化在视神经损伤中的研究进展[J]. 中华神经医学杂志,2021,20(03)：313-318.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20200227-00126

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神经胶质细胞是维持中枢神经细胞正常功能的必要部分，起到了中枢神经细胞支架、代谢功能维持、内在免疫系统的功能 [ 1 , 2 ]。星形胶质细胞(astrocytes，AS)作为神经胶质细胞的一员，同时也是中枢神经系统中分布范围最大且数目最多的神经胶质细胞；正常情况下起着支持神经细胞正常工作的作用，但在神经损伤、炎症、缺氧等情况下将会活化，活化的AS具有神经毒性和神经保护的双重影响 [ 3 ]。视神经容易受到外伤、炎症、缺血等多种因素的损伤，其中不乏活化的AS参与其中，而且在视神经损伤中也具有着上述的双向作用。本文围绕AS在视神经生理和病理情况中的作用及其临床意义综述如下。
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朱思泉，Email： mocdef.qabquhznauqis
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金 (81704125)
人因工程重点实验室基础研究基金对外开放课题 (SYFD180051808K)
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