标准与规范
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
采用治疗—延长方案进行阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性专家共识(2021版)
阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗—延长方案中国共识专家组
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210311-00162
Chinese experts consensus of treat-and-extend regimen for management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by intravitreal injection of aflibercept (2021)
Treat-and-Extend Regimen for Management of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Chinese Experts Consensus Group
Sun Xiaodong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Treat-and-Extend Regimen for Management of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Chinese Experts Consensus Group
Sun Xiaodong
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210311-00162
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摘要

新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(nAMD)是临床上影响视力和致盲的重要原因之一。采用阿柏西普治疗—延长(T&E)方案治疗nAMD的疗效确切,可减少患者玻璃体内注射和随访次数,减轻医生随访和患者的经济负担。目前我国眼科临床医生对阿柏西普T&E治疗方案的优势、规范的治疗路径及在操作中的注意事项尚缺乏系统的了解,大大限制了该治疗方案在nAMD治疗中的推广范围、合理使用和患者获益。2020年初我国相关研究领域专家组成员在总结我国各级医疗机构采用阿柏西普T&E方案治疗nAMD存在的临床问题基础上,基于nAMD、发病机制以及药物作用机制,认真总结既往相关研究成果、充分复习国内外相关指南/共识,结合我国相关领域临床实践和国情讨论并制定本共识,形成使用阿柏西普T&E方案治疗nAMD推荐意见,以指导我国临床医师更好地理解并规范地采用T&E方案治疗nAMD。

年龄相关性黄斑变性;血管内皮生长因子;脉络膜新生血管;治疗—延长方案;专家共识;阿柏西普
ABSTRACT

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness.Using treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen, aflibercept has been proven effective in nAMD treatment.Decreased intravenous injections and follow-up visits greatly reduce financial and follow-up burdens on nAMD patients as well as doctors.However, ophthalmologists in China still lack systematic understanding of the advantages, standardized treating pathway, clinical practice and patients' gains of aflibercept T&E regimen, which greatly limits the extensive promotion and rational use in nAMD treatment.At the beginning of 2020, experts in relevant research fields summarized clinical problems existing in nAMD treatment with aflibercept T&E regimen in China.Based on an extensive survey of the latest progress of nAMD treatment, pathogenesis, drug mechanism, previous relevant research results and guidelines/consensus at home and abroad, and in combination with clinical practice and national conditions in relevant fields in China, a consensus was discussed and formulated.This publication would provide a recommendation for nAMD treatment with aflibercept T&E regimen, which would be helpful for clinicians in China to better understand and standardize the application of aflibercept T&E regimen in nAMD treatment.

Age-related macular degeneration;Vascular endothelial growth factor;Choroidal neovascularization;Treat-and-extend regimen;Experts consensus;Aflibercept
Sun Xiaodong, Email: nc.defudabe.utjsnusdx
引用本文

阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗—延长方案中国共识专家组. 采用治疗—延长方案进行阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性专家共识(2021版)[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2021,39(07):577-584.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210311-00162

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1 本共识形成的背景及意义
1.1 年龄相关性黄斑变性的概念及流行病学
年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是全球老年人群主要的致盲眼病,是世界卫生组织现阶段的重点防盲眼病。根据病理特征可将AMD分为干性AMD和湿性AMD。湿性AMD又称为新生血管性AMD(neovascular AMD,nAMD),黄斑区出现脉络膜新生血管是其致盲的主要病理机制,可导致视力不可逆损伤,严重影响患者的生活质量 [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]。Meta分析和统计数据显示,全球范围内45~85岁的人群中nAMD的患病率为8.7%,2020年nAMD患者人数达到1.96亿,随着人口老龄化加剧,预计2040年将达到2.88亿 [ 4 ]。中国部分地区的AMD流行病学调查结果显示,国内AMD的患病率为3.50%~9.87%( 表1 ) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]
作者 发表时间(年) 地区 调查人数 年龄(岁) 患病率(%)
管宇等 [ 5 ] 2018 江苏省阜宁县 5 947 ≥50 7.53
王皓等 [ 6 ] 2018 重庆市农村地区 2 122 ≥50 9.40
杨桢等 [ 7 ] 2018 南充市顺庆区 2 097 ≥50 9.87
徐海铭等 [ 8 ] 2018 杭州市下城区 2 363 ≥50 3.50
我国部分地区AMD患病率
Prevalence of AMD at some areas in China
1.2 目前nAMD临床治疗方案
血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是导致脉络膜新生血管生长的关键致病因子。目前抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射是治疗nAMD的一线治疗方案 [ 9 ],主要药物有贝伐单抗(超适应证用药)、雷珠单抗、阿柏西普和康柏西普等,各种药物的作用机制有所不同,但其主要作用靶点均为拮抗VEGF。如何尽可能获得最佳疗效、采取最可行的治疗方法和尽可能减轻随访负担是nAMD治疗过程中临床医生和患者共同关注的焦点。早期的MARINA研究 [ 10 ]和ANCHOR研究 [ 11 ]采用的是每月固定给药方案,随访2年,取得了良好的治疗效果。为了减轻每月治疗和随访负担,探索了3+按需治疗(pro re nata,PRN)方案,即起始每月注射1次,连续注射3次后PRN方案的可行性。PIER研究 [ 12 ]采用每3个月固定给药的治疗方案,随访1年,发现虽然治疗后早期视力改善,但在随访过程中患者获益得不到有效维持。CATT研究 [ 13 ]和IVAN研究 [ 14 ]探索1+PRN治疗方案的可行性。以上治疗方案均侧重于被动治疗方案,虽然与每月注射方案取得了同样的疗效,可减少患者的治疗频次,但是PRN方案获得良好效果的前提是患者具有好的依从性且必须每个月接受随访,给患者和医疗服务者带来了很大负担。新近的VIEW研究 [ 15 ]中采用每2个月注射1次以及改良的PRN主动治疗方案,可有效改善并维持患者的长期视力。此外,LUCAS研究 [ 16 ]和ALTAIR研究 [ 17 ]均采用治疗—延长(treat-and-extend,T&E)方案,并在固定注射间隔的主动治疗方案基础上结合个性化治疗,以期在维持治疗效果的前提下进一步降低患者治疗负担和医疗机构服务的负担。
T&E方案虽然在临床上显示了其潜在的优越性,但是该方案可行性还取决于药物本身疗效和眼内维持的时间。随着药物开发技术不断发展,越来越多强效药物获批用于nAMD治疗,T&E方案作为一种nAMD主动治疗方案,其可行性和优越性逐步显现。目前在nAMD治疗方案选择上,越来越多临床医生选择T&E方案。美国ASRS调查 [ 18 ]也显示,超过56%的欧美临床医生选择T&E方案作为首选治疗方案。
1.3 形成本共识的意义
目前国内临床医师在应用抗VEGF药物治疗nAMD时普遍采用3+PRN方案,对于T&E方案的治疗优势以及临床操作路径的理解和操作规范程度参差不齐。基于我国临床上治疗nAMD过程中存在的临床问题,为了更好地了解采用阿柏西普的T&E方案,本共识组专家成员自2020年初开始在全国主要医疗机构进行相关调查,并根据调查结果和存在的问题拟定研究方案,在全国眼科学术大会上组织专家小组,从nAMD的发病过程和病理机制以及阿柏西普的作用机制等角度对国内外相关的指南/共识进行充分复习,并结合中国临床实际和患者特点进行反复讨论,起草阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗nAMD的T&E方案专家共识文件。共识稿通过邮箱发送的形式经专家小组各成员多次认真修改,于2021年3月形成《采用治疗—延长方案进行阿柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性专家共识(2021版)》,以期提高临床医师对T&E方案的理解,并制定临床规范路径以指导临床操作,改善患者治疗的依从性,使患者更好地获益。
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备注信息
A
孙晓东,Email: nc.defudabe.utjsnusdx
B

国际实践指南注册平台(www.guidelines-registry.cn),IPGRP-2021CN031

C
感谢梅斯医学编辑为共识的制定所做的初步文字编辑工作
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本共识制定专家组对文章内容具有完全独立的主导权与决定权,所有作者均声明不存在任何利益冲突
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上海申康医院发展中心项目 (SHDC2020CR2040B、SHDC2020CR5014)
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