目的评价血必净注射液对重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)患者肺炎严重指数(PSI)的改善作用及对预后的影响。
方法采用多中心前瞻性队列研究设计,连续纳入2020年1月至3月国内15个省市28家新冠肺炎定点医院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的成人新冠肺炎患者作为研究对象。所有患者均按照国家卫生健康委员会发布的新冠肺炎诊疗方案进行常规治疗。根据是否接受血必净注射液治疗分为血必净组和常规治疗组。常规治疗组给予抗病毒、呼吸支持、循环支持、对症治疗等常规医疗护理措施;血必净组则在常规治疗基础上,于患者入ICU后12 h内开始使用血必净注射液,每次100 mL,每天2次,疗程不少于1 d。观察两组患者入组后第8天PSI风险评级改善率及28 d临床结局。
结果连续筛选276例成人新冠肺炎患者,对其中符合PSI风险评级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级的144例重症患者数据进行分析,常规治疗组和血必净组各72例。常规治疗组与血必净组患者平均年龄分别为(65.7±7.9)岁和(63.5±10.9)岁,男性分别占75.0%(54/72)和70.8%(51/72);两组一般情况、基础疾病、PSI风险评级和评分、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、氧合指数(PaO 2/FiO 2)、呼吸支持方式等基线资料差异均无统计学意义。与常规治疗组比较,血必净组患者入组后第8天PSI风险评级改善率显著提高〔56.9%(41/72)比20.8%(15/72),组间差值及95%可信区间(95% CI)为36.1%(21.3%~50.9%), P<0.01〕,PSI评分、SOFA评分和PaO 2/FiO 2均明显改善〔PSI评分(分):83.7±34.8比108.2±25.6,组间差值(95% CI)为-24.5(-34.9~-14.1);SOFA评分:2.0(1.0,4.0)比7.0(4.0,10.0),组间差值(95% CI)为-3.5(-5.0~-2.0);PaO 2/FiO 2(mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):289.4±111.6比188.5±98.1,组间差值(95% CI)为100.9(65.3~136.5);均 P<0.01〕。血必净组患者28 d出院率较常规治疗组提高了44.5% 〔66.7%(48/72)比22.2%(16/72), P<0.01〕,28 d生存率较常规治疗组提高了9.8% 〔91.7%(66/72)比81.9%(59/72), P<0.01〕。两组治疗期间抗病毒药、抗菌药物、抗凝药和血管活性药物合并用药情况比较差异均无统计学意义。血必净组与常规治疗组不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔41.7%(30/72)比43.1%(31/72), P>0.05〕,且无严重不良事件和血必净不良反应报告。
结论常规治疗联合血必净注射液能够明显改善重症新冠肺炎患者的PSI风险评级和临床预后,且未增加药物安全风险。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Xuebijing injection on the improvement of pneumonia severity index (PSI) and prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study was designed. Adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of 28 designated COVID-19 hospitals in 15 provinces and cities of China from January to March 2020 were enrolled. All patients were treated according to the standard treatment plan of COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. They were divided into Xuebijing group and standard treatment group according to whether they received Xuebijing injection or not. In the standard treatment group, routine medical care measures such as antiviral, respiratory support, circulatory support and symptomatic treatment were taken. In the Xuebijing group, on the basis of standard treatment, Xuebijing was used within 12 hours of admission to the ICU, 100 mL each time, twice daily. The minimum duration of Xuebijing administration was 1 day. The improvement rate of PSI risk rating on the 8th day and clinical outcome on the 28th day were recorded.
ResultsA total of 276 COVID-19 patients were screened continuously, and the data of 144 severe patients who met PSI risk rating Ⅲ-Ⅴ were analyzed. Seventy-two cases were involved each in standard treatment group and Xuebijing group. The average age of the standard treatment group and Xuebijing group were (65.7±7.9) years old and (63.5±10.9) years old, and male accounted for 75.0% (54/72) and 70.8% (51/72), respectively. There were no significant differences in general conditions, comorbidities, PSI risk rating and score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), respiratory support mode and other baseline indicators between the two groups. Compared with the standard treatment group, the improvement rate of PSI risk rating in Xuebijing group on the 8th day after admission was significantly improved [56.9% (41/72) vs. 20.8% (15/72), between-group difference and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 36.1% (21.3% to 50.9%), P < 0.01], PSI score, SOFA score and PaO 2/FiO 2 were significantly improved [PSI score: 83.7±34.8 vs. 108.2±25.6, between-group difference (95% CI) was -24.5 (-34.9 to -14.1); SOFA score: 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) vs. 7.0 (4.0, 10.0), between-group difference (95% CI) was -3.5 (-5.0 to -2.0); PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 289.4±111.6 vs. 188.5±98.1, between-group difference (95% CI) was 100.9 (65.3 to 136.5); all P < 0.01]. The 28-day discharge rate of Xuebijing group was 44.5% higher than that of standard treatment group [66.7% (48/72) vs. 22.2% (16/72), P < 0.01], and the 28-day survival rate was 9.8% [91.7% (66/72) vs. 81.9% (59/72), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in the combination of antiviral drugs, antibiotics, anticoagulants and vasopressor drugs between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the Xuebijing group and standard treatment group [41.7% (30/72) vs. 43.1% (31/72), P > 0.05], and no serious adverse events and adverse reactions of Xuebijing were reported.
ConclusionStandard treatment combined with Xuebijing injection can significantly improve the PSI risk score and clinical prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19 without increasing drug safety risk.
刘学松,宋元林,关伟杰,等. 血必净注射液治疗重症新型冠状病毒肺炎的多中心前瞻性队列研究[J]. 中华危重病急救医学,2021,33(07):774-778.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210514-00714版权归中华医学会所有。
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指标 | 全体( n=144) | 常规治疗组( n=72) | 血必净组( n=72) | t / χ 2值 | P值 | 指标 | 全体( n=144) | 常规治疗组( n=72) | 血必净组( n=72) | t / χ 2值 | P值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁,
|
64.6±9.5 | 65.7±7.9 | 63.5±10.9 | 1.940 | 0.166 | PSI评分(分,
|
97.2±23.5 | 99.1±23.2 | 95.2±23.9 | 1.010 | 0.316 | ||
性别〔例(%)〕 | 0.320 | 0.574 | SOFA评分(分,
|
5.3±3.0 | 5.4±2.6 | 5.2±3.3 | 0.150 | 0.697 | |||||
男性 | 105(72.9) | 54(75.0) | 51(70.8) | PaO
2/FiO
2(mmHg,
|
170.6±87.7 | 162.7±86.2 | 178.6±89.0 | 1.190 | 0.278 | ||||
女性 | 39(27.1) | 18(25.0) | 21(29.2) | ||||||||||
基础疾病〔例(%)〕 | 99(68.8) | 51(70.8) | 48(66.7) | 0.290 | 0.590 | 生命体征(
|
|||||||
高血压 | 70(48.6) | 39(54.2) | 31(43.1) | 体温(℃) | 37.3±1.0 | 37.3±1.0 | 37.3±1.0 | 0.000 | 0.948 | ||||
糖尿病 | 35(24.3) | 13(18.1) | 22(30.6) | 呼吸频率(次/min) | 24.0±5.9 | 24.1±5.4 | 24.0±6.5 | 0.020 | 0.900 | ||||
冠心病 | 22(15.3) | 14(19.4) | 8(11.1) | 心率(次/min) | 87.5±16.6 | 89.8±15.2 | 85.3±17.7 | 2.790 | 0.097 | ||||
充血性心力衰竭 | 5( 3.5) | 2( 2.8) | 3( 4.2) | 收缩压(mmHg) | 129.9±18.8 | 132.4±19.1 | 127.4±18.2 | 2.590 | 0.110 | ||||
脑血管疾病 | 6( 4.2) | 3( 4.2) | 3( 4.2) | 舒张压(mmHg) | 77.3±12.5 | 78.3±12.3 | 76.3±12.8 | 0.920 | 0.340 | ||||
肾脏疾病 | 7( 4.9) | 3( 4.2) | 4( 5.6) | 24 h尿量(mL) | 1 853.0±849.7 | 1 719.0±846.4 | 1 921.0±850.6 | 1.120 | 0.293 | ||||
肝脏疾病 | 4( 2.8) | 0( 0 ) | 4( 5.6) | 呼吸支持方式 〔例(%)〕 | |||||||||
肿瘤 | 4( 2.8) | 1( 1.4) | 3( 4.2) | ||||||||||
PSI风险评级 〔例(%)〕 | 0.780 | 0.677 | 鼻/面罩 | 76(52.8) | 33(45.8) | 43(59.7) | 2.790 | 0.095 | |||||
高流量 | 41(28.5) | 23(31.9) | 18(25.0) | 0.850 | 0.355 | ||||||||
Ⅲ级 | 73(50.7) | 34(47.2) | 39(54.2) | 无创机械通气 | 36(25.0) | 19(26.4) | 17(23.6) | 0.150 | 0.700 | ||||
Ⅳ级 | 57(39.6) | 31(43.1) | 26(36.1) | 有创机械通气 | 49(34.0) | 25(34.7) | 24(33.3) | 0.030 | 0.860 | ||||
Ⅴ级 | 14( 9.7) | 7( 9.7) | 7( 9.7) |
注:PSI为肺炎严重指数,SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评分,PaO 2/FiO 2为氧合指数;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
指标 | 常规治疗组( n=72) | 血必净组( n=72) | 组间差值(95% CI) | χ 2 / t值 | P值 | 指标 | 常规治疗组( n=72) | 血必净组( n=72) | 组间差值(95% CI) | Z / t / χ 2值 | P值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主要观察指标 | 第8天SOFA评分〔分, M( Q L, Q U)〕 | 7.0(4.0,10.0) | 2.0(1.0,4.0) | -3.5 (-5.0~-2.0) | 5.940 | <0.001 | |||||||||
第8天PSI风险评级 | |||||||||||||||
改善率〔%(例/例)〕 | 第8天PaO
2/FiO
2(mmHg,
|
188.5±98.1 | 289.4±111.6 | 100.9 (65.3~136.5) | 31.470 | <0.001 | |||||||||
不填补 | 19.7(14/71) | 64.1(41/64) | 44.3(29.4~59.3) | 27.420 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
最差值填补 | 20.8(15/72) | 56.9(41/72) | 36.1(21.3~50.9) | 19.750 | <0.001 | 合并用药〔例(%)〕 | |||||||||
倾向评分匹配 | 20.3(12/59) | 59.3(32/54) | 38.9(22.3~55.6) | 17.960 | <0.001 | 抗病毒药 | 71(98.6) | 70(97.2) | -1.4(-6.1~3.3) | Fisher精确检验 | >0.999 | ||||
次要观察指标 | 抗菌药物 | 45(62.5) | 43(59.7) | -2.8(-18.7~13.2) | 0.120 | 0.732 | |||||||||
第8天PSI评分(分,
|
108.2±25.6 | 83.7±34.8 | -24.5(-34.9~-14.1) | 21.630 | <0.001 | 抗凝药 | 28(38.9) | 21(29.2) | -9.7(-25.1~5.7) | 1.520 | 0.218 | ||||
28 d临床结局〔例(%)〕 | 28.820 | <0.001 | 血管活性药物 | 12(16.7) | 16(22.2) | 5.6(-7.3~18.5) | 0.710 | 0.399 | |||||||
生存 | 59(81.9) | 66(91.7) | 激素 | 14(19.4) | 2( 2.8) | 16.7(-26.6~-6.8) | 10.120 | 0.002 | |||||||
出院 | 16(22.2) | 48(66.7) | |||||||||||||
仍住院 | 43(59.7) | 18(25.0) | |||||||||||||
死亡 | 13(18.1) | 6( 8.3) |
注:PSI为肺炎严重指数,SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评分,PaO 2/FiO 2为氧合指数;最差值填补代表缺失的数据在血必净组被视为无效,在常规治疗组被视为有效;以年龄和基线PSI评分为协变量进行倾向评分匹配;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;空白代表无此项

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