背景肺癌患者常并发肌肉减少症,但对于肌肉减少症与生活质量及情绪状况之间的关系尚未明确。
目的调查肌肉减少症在肺癌患者中的发生率,并分析其危险因素及其对患者情绪状况、生命质量等临床预后的影响,为肺癌患者临床预后的整体改善提供依据。
方法招募2019年12月—2020年7月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科就诊的肺癌患者87例为研究对象,收集患者年龄、性别、受教育程度、吸烟情况、肿瘤病理类型、体力状况(PS)评分、患病时长、治疗情况、合并症情况、体质指数(BMI),测量患者血红蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、前白蛋白、白蛋白水平。采用人体成分分析仪测量四肢肌肉量并计算骨骼肌质量指数(SMI),根据亚洲老年肌肉减少症工作组(AWGSOP)诊断标准将患者分为肌肉减少症组(46例)、无肌肉减少症组(41例),采用营养风险筛查2002量表(NRS2002)评价患者的营养不良风险,采用生命质量核心量表(QLQ-C30)评价患者的生命质量,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评价患者的情绪状况。采用二元Logistic回归分析探索肺癌并发肌肉减少症的影响因素,采用Pearson相关分析探讨肌肉减少症与生命质量和情绪状况的相关性。
结果肺癌患者合并肌肉减少症的发生率为52.9%(46/87)。肌肉减少症组患者年龄、长期吸烟比例、Charlson合并症指数、NRS2002评分、有营养不良风险比例高于无肌肉减少症组,BMI、四肢肌肉量、SMI低于无肌肉减少症组( P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,长期吸烟史〔 OR=5.515, 95%CI(1.234,24.646)〕、患病时长〔 OR=1.132, 95%CI(1.007,1.272)〕、BMI〔 OR=0.676, 95%CI(0.519,0.880)〕、NRS2002评分〔 OR=1.773, 95%CI(1.012,3.108)〕均是肺癌并发肌肉减少症的影响因素。肌肉减少症患者焦虑量表、抑郁量表、疲倦、疼痛、气促及食欲丧失得分高于无肌肉减少症组患者( P<0.05),QLQ-C30总分,躯体功能、角色功能、情感功能、社会功能得分低于无肌肉减少症组( P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,肺癌患者并发肌肉减少症与焦虑量表得分、抑郁量表得分及疲倦、疼痛、气促、食欲丧失得分均呈正相关( P<0.05),而与QLQ-C30总分、躯体功能、角色功能、情感功能、社会功能得分均呈负相关( P<0.05)。
结论肺癌患者病程及吸烟史越长、NRS2002评分越高、BMI越低,肌肉减少症发生风险越高;肌肉减少症的发生与肺癌患者较差的生命质量以及焦虑、抑郁症状之间等不良临床预后具有相关性。
BackgroundPatients with lung cancer often suffer from sarcopenia, but the relationship between sarcopenia and quality of life, emotional status is unclear.
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients, analyze its risk factors and their impact on the clinical prognosis including emotional status, quality of life, etc, so as to provide evidence for the overall improvement of the clinical prognosis of lung cancer patients.
Methods87 patients with lung cancer who attended the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2019 to July 2020 were recruited, and their age, gender, education level, smoking status, tumor pathological type, PS score, length of illness, treatment status, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI) were collected, their hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, prealbumin, albumin were measured. The body composition analyzer was used to measure the muscle mass of the limbs and calculate skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) , and the patients were divided into sarcopenia group (46 cases) and no sarcopenia group (41 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (AWGSOP) . The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) was used to evaluate the patients' malnutrition risk, the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) was used to evaluate the quality of life of the patients, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the emotional state of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of lung cancer combined with sarcopenia, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between sarcopenia and quality of life, emotional status.
ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients was 52.9%. Age, proportion of long-term smoking, Charlson comorbidity index, NRS2002 score, and risk of malnutrition in the sarcopenia group were higher than the non-sarcopenia group, while BMI, limb muscle mass, and SMI were lower than the non-sarcopenia group ( P<0.05) . The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that long-term smoking history〔 OR=5.515, 95%CI (1.234, 24.646) 〕, duration of illness〔 OR=1.132, 95%CI (1.007, 1.272) 〕, BMI 〔 OR=0.676, 95%CI (0.519, 0.880) 〕, NRS2002 score 〔 OR=1.773, 95%CI (1.012, 3.108) 〕 are the influencing factors of lung cancer combined with sarcopenia. The scores of anxiety scale, depression scale, fatigue, pain, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite in the sarcopenia group were higher than the no sarcopenia group ( P<0.05) . The total score of QLQ-C30, the scores of physical function, role function, emotional function, and social function in sarcopenia group were lower than the no sarcopenia group ( P<0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis results showed that sarcopenia was positively correlated with the scores of anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, shortness of breath, and appetite loss ( P<0.05) , but negatively correlated with the scores of global quality of life, role functioning, physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning ( P<0.05) .
ConclusionLonger disease duration, long term smoking history, higher NRS2002 score and lower BMI has higher risk for developing sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is significantly associated with poorer quality of life, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with lung cancer.
LI Z H, JI S, HU X W, et al. Analysis of risk factors of lung cancer patients combined with sarcopenia and their correlation with clinical prognosis[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24 (26) : 3310-3315, 3322.
李周华,季爽,胡先纬,等. 肺癌患者并发肌肉减少症的危险因素分析及其与临床预后的相关性探讨[J]. 中国全科医学,2021,24(26):3310-3315,3322.
DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.599本刊2021年版权归中国全科医学杂志社所有
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在中国,肺癌发生率和死亡率均居所有癌症首位。肺癌患者常有包括焦虑、抑郁、肌肉减少症等严重的症状负担,严重影响患者的生命质量。因此,目前对于晚期肺癌患者,治疗目标除了提高患者的生存率,更主要的是减少患者的症状负担,维持机体功能和改善生命质量,从而改善患者的临床预后。肺癌患者常患有肌肉减少症,本研究肺癌患者中肌肉减少症的发生率为52.9%,高于一般健康人群,可以推测肌肉减少症的发生率在肺癌患者中较高,此外本研究证实了在肺癌患者中肌肉减少症的发生与不良的临床结局相关,因此在临床上应该着重关注肺癌患者的肌肉减少症发生情况,积极实施患者肌肉减少症的早期筛查和早期诊断,并实施必要的干预措施。另外本研究可以作为国内人群肌肉减少症诊断统计数据的补充,对亚洲人群肺癌并发肌肉减少症诊断标准的制定存在重要意义。
组别 | 例数 | 年龄(
|
性别〔 n(%)〕 | 受教育程度〔 n(%)〕 | 长期吸烟史〔 n(%)〕 | 肿瘤病理类型〔 n(%)〕 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男 | 女 | 高中以下 | 高中及以上 | 腺癌 | 鳞癌 | 小细胞癌 | ||||
肌肉减少症组 | 46 | 66.0±8.9 | 40(87.0) | 6(13.0) | 44(95.7) | 2(4.30) | 36(78.3) | 19(41.3) | 18(39.1) | 9(19.6) |
无肌肉减少症组 | 41 | 60.4±9.6 | 30(73.2) | 11(26.8) | 36(87.8) | 5(12.2) | 16(39.0) | 22(53.7) | 11(26.8) | 8(19.5) |
t(χ 2)值 | -2.790 | 2.620 a | 0.900 a | 13.879 a | 1.686 a | |||||
P值 | 0.007 | 0.105 | 0.343 | <0.001 | 0.430 |
组别 | PS评分〔 n(%)〕 | 患病时长(
|
初始治疗〔 n(%)〕 | Charlson合并症指数(
|
BMI(
|
四肢肌肉量(
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0分 | 1分 | 有 | 无 | |||||
肌肉减少症组 | 8(17.4) | 38(82.6) | 9.66±9.96 | 29(63.0) | 17(37.0) | 2.80±1.20 | 20.53±2.59 | 16.33±2.58 |
无肌肉减少症组 | 10(24.4) | 31(75.6) | 6.89±6.54 | 29(70.7) | 12(29.3) | 2.12±1.05 | 23.68±2.67 | 19.58±3.52 |
t(χ 2)值 | 0.647 a | -1.511 | 0.577 a | -2.798 | 5.562 | 4.940 | ||
P值 | 0.421 | 0.134 | 0.448 | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
组别 | SMI(
|
血红蛋白(
|
乳酸脱氢酶(
|
前白蛋白(
|
白蛋白(
|
NRS2002评分(
|
营养不良风险〔 n(%)〕 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有 | 无 | |||||||
肌肉减少症组 | 6.14±0.61 | 120.86±19.36 | 240.71±124.59 | 206.97±41.00 | 37.74±4.59 | 3.28±1.16 | 30(65.2) | 16(34.8) |
无肌肉减少症组 | 7.09±0.74 | 123.02±17.87 | 225.73±62.65 | 210.41±56.94 | 38.41±4.070 | 1.95±1.16 | 10(24.4) | 31(75.6) |
t(χ 2)值 | 6.537 | 0.537 | -0.695 | 0.325 | 0.720 | -5.324 | 14.548 a | |
P值 | <0.001 | 0.593 | 0.489 | 0.746 | 0.473 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
注:PS=体力状况,BMI=体质指数,SMI=骨骼肌质量指数,NRS2002=营养风险筛查2002量表; a为χ 2值
变量 | β | SE | Wald χ 2值 | P值 | OR( 95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 0.019 | 0.054 | 0.125 | 0.723 | 1.019(0.916,1.134) |
性别 | -0.351 | 0.853 | 0.169 | 0.681 | 0.704(0.132,3.746) |
长期吸烟史 | 1.708 | 0.764 | 4.998 | 0.025 | 5.515(1.234,24.646) |
患病时长 | 0.124 | 0.059 | 4.343 | 0.037 | 1.132(1.007,1.272) |
初始治疗 | -0.680 | 0.715 | 0.906 | 0.341 | 0.507(0.125,2.055) |
Charlson合并症指数 | 0.215 | 0.482 | 0.200 | 0.655 | 1.240(0.482,3.188) |
BMI | -0.392 | 0.135 | 8.458 | 0.004 | 0.676(0.519,0.880) |
NRS2002评分 | 0.573 | 0.286 | 4.004 | 0.045 | 1.773(1.012,3.108) |
组别 | 例数 | 焦虑量表得分 | 抑郁量表得分 |
---|---|---|---|
肌肉减少症组 | 46 | 7.63±2.96 | 7.10±2.25 |
无肌肉减少症组 | 41 | 6.04±3.08 | 5.97±1.87 |
t值 | -2.436 | -2.557 | |
P值 | 0.017 | 0.012 |
组别 | 例数 | QLQ-C30总分 | 躯体功能得分 | 角色功能得分 | 情感功能得分 | 认知功能得分 | 社会功能得分 | 疲倦得分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
肌肉减少症组 | 46 | 40.37±15.61 | 75.61±7.97 | 72.05±14.08 | 79.31±14.88 | 91.65±10.99 | 77.13±15.86 | 27.17±13.64 |
无肌肉减少症组 | 41 | 49.15±12.33 | 80.94±10.27 | 79.23±12.79 | 87.15±11.65 | 93.48±11.12 | 84.52±13.13 | 19.76±11.51 |
t值 | 2.885 | 2.716 | 2.476 | 2.752 | 0.772 | 2.349 | -2.719 | |
P值 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.007 | 0.442 | 0.021 | 0.008 |
组别 | 恶心和呕吐得分 | 疼痛得分 | 气促得分 | 失眠得分 | 食欲丧失得分 | 腹泻得分 | 便秘得分 | 经济困难得分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
肌肉减少症组 | 14.08±11.07 | 15.90±13.11 | 34.02±26.72 | 20.99±19.04 | 28.95±23.91 | 12.58±16.32 | 10.85±15.78 | 23.16±18.39 |
无肌肉减少症组 | 11.34±10.80 | 10.12±10.43 | 21.11±24.42 | 18.68±16.73 | 16.24±22.48 | 10.55±15.68 | 11.37±15.98 | 22.74±17.36 |
t值 | -1.166 | -2.255 | -2.342 | -0.599 | -2.545 | -0.584 | 0.150 | -0.110 |
P值 | 0.247 | 0.027 | 0.022 | 0.551 | 0.013 | 0.561 | 0.881 | 0.913 |
检验统计量值 | 焦虑量表得分 | 抑郁量表得分 | QLQ-C30总分 | 躯体功能得分 | 角色功能得分 | 情感功能得分 | 认知功能得分 | 社会功能得分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r值 | 0.255 | 0.265 | -0.299 | -0.283 | -0.259 | -0.282 | -0.083 | -0.247 |
P值 | 0.017 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.442 | 0.021 |
检验统计量值 | 疲倦得分 | 恶心和呕吐得分 | 疼痛得分 | 气促得分 | 失眠得分 | 食欲丧失得分 | 腹泻得分 | 便秘得分 | 经济困难得分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r值 | 0.283 | 0.126 | 0.238 | 0.246 | 0.065 | 0.266 | 0.064 | -0.016 | 0.012 |
P值 | 0.008 | 0.247 | 0.027 | 0.022 | 0.551 | 0.013 | 0.561 | 0.881 | 0.913 |
李周华,季爽,胡先纬,等.肺癌患者并发肌肉减少症的危险因素分析及其与临床预后的相关性探讨[J].中国全科医学,2021,24(26):3310-3315,3322. [www.chinagp.net]
李周华、费广鹤进行文章的构思与设计,研究的实施与可行性分析,统计学处理,结果的分析与解释;李周华、季爽、胡先纬、尤青海进行数据收集、整理;李周华撰写论文;李周华、季爽、费广鹤进行论文的修订;费广鹤负责文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

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