综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
单纯阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停能否导致肺动脉高压
王宇鑫
肖毅
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210115-00045
Whether obstructive sleep apnea alone can lead to pulmonary hypertension
Wang Yuxin
Xiao Yi
Authors Info & Affiliations
Wang Yuxin
Xiao Yi
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210115-00045
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摘要

呼吸系统疾病和(或)缺氧所致肺动脉高压这一分类中,涉及的呼吸系统疾病包括了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)。尽管OSA动物模型能够出现肺动脉高压、右心功能障碍的结局,但既往关于OSA与肺动脉高压的临床研究文章并未直观回答单纯OSA能否导致肺动脉高压,且结论尚不完全一致。本文希望通过复习以往相关文献,得到一个相对明晰的答案。

引用本文

王宇鑫,肖毅. 单纯阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停能否导致肺动脉高压[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2021,44(10):914-921.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210115-00045

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肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)指各种原因导致的肺血管结构或功能改变,进而导致肺血管阻力和肺动脉压力升高,诊断标准为:海平面状态下、静息时,右心导管测量肺动脉平均压(mean pulmonary artery pressure,mPAP)≥25 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。健康人 mPAP 为(14±3)mmHg,上限为20 mmHg 1。2013年在法国尼斯召开的第五届世界肺动脉高压大会(World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension,WSPH)修订了其临床分类,主要包括5大类:动脉性PH、左心疾病所致PH、肺部疾病和(或)缺氧所致PH、慢性血栓栓塞性PH和(或)其他肺动脉阻塞性病变所致PH、未明和(或)多因素所致PH。其中与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)相关的主要是第3类。此类型大部分患者肺动脉压力轻中度升高,仅少部分严重升高,即mPAP≥35 mmHg或mPAP≥25 mmHg合并低心输出量(心指数<2.5 L·min -1·m -22。根据目前的文献报道,OSA患者PH患病率为17%~42% 3
持续性的缺氧,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)、间质性肺病(ILD)可以导致PH 14,而OSA的特点是夜间快速循环的高频率的间歇性的缺氧,一般缺氧-复氧的循环周期在15~60 s,每天持续8~9 h,病程可从数日到数年不等。这种间歇性低氧可以增加低氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor,HIF)-1α的表达,从而诱导缺氧相关基因的表达,如血管内皮生长因子等 5。Yuan等 6的研究表明,与慢性缺氧相比,在快速循环的缺氧条件下,细胞会因CaM激酶转录激活更多的HIF-1α的产生。夜间间歇性低氧事件发生时,低氧诱导的肺血管收缩会增加肺动脉压 7,并且反复的缺氧-再灌注也会导致交感神经激活、再灌注损伤和炎症效应,进而造成内皮损伤 8,导致小血管阻塞或通过内皮释放的血管活性物质造成肺小血管的收缩和重构,最终导致肺动脉压升高 9 , 10。但是这种夜间PH是否会延续为全天的PH,目前尚无定论。
国内外已有不少研究对OSA患者中PH患病率以及OSA能否导致PH相关问题进行了分析,我们希望通过对部分研究的汇总和讨论,回答上述问题。
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A
肖毅,Email: mocdef.3ab61hcmupiyoaix
B

王宇鑫, 肖毅. 单纯阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停能否导致肺动脉高压[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2021, 44(10): 914-921. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210115-00045.

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国家重点研发计划 (2018YFC1315103)
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