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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
癌症-神经科学的再认识及其在脑胶质瘤研究中的进展
贺电
李婷
唐爱伟
孙海涛
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20210313-00166
Recognition of cancer-neuroscience and its role in glioma research
He Dian
Li Ting
Tang Aiwei
Sun Haitao
Authors Info & Affiliations
He Dian
National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Li Ting
National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Tang Aiwei
Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Sun Haitao
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20210313-00166
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摘要

随着肿瘤学和神经科学的发展，其交叉学科——癌症-神经科学也在近年来引起学者们的广泛关注。人们逐渐认识到神经元参与肿瘤微环境的形成并影响着肿瘤的发生发展，同样，肿瘤也会引起神经系统重塑及功能障碍。其中，中枢神经系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤——脑胶质瘤与神经元的相互关系更是在近几年来有了全新的认识。笔者现回顾性总结癌症-神经科学在脑胶质瘤研究中的最新进展，对神经元与脑胶质瘤细胞相互作用的机制进行系统综述。

癌症-神经科学;神经胶质瘤;神经元;突触
ABSTRACT

With the development of oncology and neuroscience, cancer-neuroscience, as their interdisciplinary subject, has also attracted widespread scholars' attention in recent years. People have gradually realized that neurons are involved in the formation of tumor microenvironment and affect the initiation and progression of tumor. Similarly, tumor can also cause nervous system remodeling and dysfunction. The relationship between glioma, as the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and neurons have gained a new understanding. This review discusses the latest advance in cancer-neuroscience in the study of gliomas, and systematically reviews the mechanism of interaction between neurons and glioma cells.

Cancer-neuroscience;Glioma;Neuron;Synapse
Sun Haitao, Email: mocdef.6ab218891oatiahnusm
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引用本文

贺电,李婷,唐爱伟,等. 癌症-神经科学的再认识及其在脑胶质瘤研究中的进展[J]. 中华神经医学杂志,2021,20(10)：1050-1053.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20210313-00166

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癌症-神经科学是一个新兴的领域，其主要描述的是癌症与神经系统的相互作用。在过去，尽管已经知道神经和血管在机体里常常是并行的，并且肿瘤的发生发展依赖于新生血管的生成，但神经与肿瘤的关系却一直未能引起研究者们的重视。近十年来，随着各项实验技术的进步，发现在前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌等具有高侵袭性的肿瘤中，神经元密度的增加与肿瘤的发生是有相关性的 [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]。因此，研究者们逐渐认识到神经元参与了肿瘤微环境的形成并影响着肿瘤的发生发展 [ 5 ]。同样地，肿瘤也会引起神经系统重塑及功能障碍，例如中枢神经系统中的脑胶质瘤分泌的信号不仅会诱导异常的突触发生，还会增加神经元兴奋性并引起癫痫发作 [ 6 ]；脑外的肿瘤也可以在远处发挥作用，影响睡眠等神经系统功能 [ 7 ]。除此之外，一些传统的肿瘤疗法，例如放射疗法和化学疗法，也会对神经系统功能产生长期的有害的影响，表现为注意力不集中、记忆力下降等认知功能障碍或感觉功能丧失，以及运动无力或疼痛等周围神经病变 [ 8 ]。总之，肿瘤与神经系统的交流是双向的，因此，精确靶向癌症-神经系统间的相互作用，可能为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供新的策略。
脑胶质瘤是中枢神经系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤，传统手术切除及放化疗的治愈率仍较低，患者的总体预后仍较差，是儿童和成人脑肿瘤死亡的主要类型，目前脑胶质瘤的治疗主要针对血管、免疫系统以及肿瘤细胞的固有生长机制。尽管既往已知脑胶质瘤细胞与邻近的小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞及血管细胞之间具有重要关系，但脑胶质瘤细胞与神经元的相互作用在近年来才被逐渐认识 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]。笔者现就癌症-神经科学在脑胶质瘤研究中的最新进展进行综述，以期为脑胶质瘤的治疗提供新的思路。
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备注信息
A
孙海涛，Email： mocdef.6ab218891oatiahnusm
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
南方医科大学珠江医院院长基金 (yzjj2018rc03)
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