Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutation of CYP27A1 gene. This article reported three cases with clinical phenotypes of CTX and CYP27A1 gene mutation and analyzed the pedigree with a literature review. All the three CTX cases had c.379C>T (p.Arg127Trp) missense mutation on exon 2 of CYP27A1 gene. They all had compound heterozygous mutation and two cases had new type of exon and intron compound mutation. This article enriched the types of CYP27A1 gene mutations in CTX patients. The primers of CYP27A1 gene should also cover more gene sequences including intron regions.
脑腱黄瘤病患者影像学及病理学异常表现。A、B:家系1先证者头颅磁共振成像(MRI)液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)示:双侧中脑、小脑齿状核异常信号;C:家系1先证者踝部MRI T
2WI示:左侧跟腱多发斑片状、线状高信号;D:家系1先证者左侧跟腱肿物病理结果示:镜下纤维结缔组织内散在大量黄瘤细胞及胆固醇结晶形成,伴灶状多核巨细胞聚集(HE染色 ×20);E:家系2先证者踝部MRI T
2WI示:左侧跟腱多发片状、线状高信号;F:家系2先证者左侧跟腱肿物病理示:镜下见增生的纤维结缔组织,其内可见多量胆固醇结晶形成,伴多量泡沫细胞,散在多核巨细胞浸润(HE染色 ×20);G、H:家系3先证者头颅MRI/FLAIR示:双侧侧脑室旁脑白质变性伴小脑齿状核异常改变
Imaging and pathological data of three patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. A, B: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) of proband in family 1 showed bilateral midbrain and cerebellar dentate nucleus abnormal signals; C: Ankle MRI T
2WI of proband in family 1 showed multiple patchy and linear high signals in the left Achilles tendon; D: Biopsy of the left Achilles tendon of proband in family 1 showed a large number of xanthoma cells and cholesterol crystals were scattered in the fibrous connective tissue, accompanied by focal multinucleated giant cell aggregation (hematoxylin-eosin staining ×20); E: Ankle MRI T
2WI of proband in family 2 showed fusiform thickening and multiple patchy and linear high signals in the left Achilles tendon; F: Biopsy of left achilles tendon of proband in family 2 showed fibrous tissue proliferation, a large amount of cholesterol crystal formation accompanied by cholesterol foam cells, and scattered multinucleated giant cells infiltration (hematoxylin-eosin staining ×20); G, H: Brain MRI FLAIR of proband in family 3 showed bilateral paraventricular white matter degeneration with abnormal changes in the cerebellar dentate nucleus
Pedigree and Sanger sequencing of three cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients; A-C: Pedigree of family 1-3; D-F: Sanger sequencing of CYP27A1 gene in family 1-3 (the arrows show the mutation site)
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